An article presents measurements of total solids, in g/L, for seven sludge specimens. The results are 19, 6, 26, 43, 25, 20, and 32. Assume the distribution of total solids is approximately symmetric. a) Can you conclude that the mean concentration of total solids is greater than 14 g/L? Compute the appropriate test statistic and find the P-value.  b) Can you conclude that the mean concentration of total solids is less than 30 g/L? Compute the appropriate test statistic and find the P-value. c) An environmental engineer claims that the mean concentration of total solids is equal to 18 g/L. Can you conclude that the claim is false? Compute the appropriate test statistic and find the P-value.

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.