Amazon's second headquarter coming to town Following up on the in-class discussion about the effect of Amazon's second headquarter. In November 2018, Amazon announced that Headquarter 2 (HQ2) would be split into two locations, with 25,000 workers at each: National Landing in Virginia, and Long Island City in New York City. The benefits and the cost of to the city
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- Economists define profit a bit differently than in accounting. In addition to explicit costs, we also subtract out implicit costs—what you could have earned from the next best alternative. For example, suppose that you are making $60,000 as an accountant. You decide to quit your job and open up your own accounting business. You end up making a profit of $50,000. How have you done? Accountants would call this a profit of $50,000 while economists would say that you just lost $10,000 (relative to what you were making before). So, economists define profits as being equal to total revenues minus total costs, where costs include the opportunity cost. Suppose that a firm had sales revenue of $1 million last year. It spent $600,000 on labor, $150,000 on capital, and $200,000 on materials. Calculate the firm’s accounting profit? If the firm’s factory sits on land owned by the firm that it could rent for $30,000 per year, calculate economic profits.Suppose the imaginary company of Panthera is a small, Reno-based American apparel manufacturer specializing in athleisure. The following table presents the brand's total cost of production at several different quantities. Fill in the remaining cells of the following table. Quantity Total Cost Marginal Cost Fixed Cost Variable Cost (Pairs) (Dollars) (Dollars) о 120 1 210 2 270 3 315 4 380 5 475 6 630 (Dollars) (Dollars) Average Variable Cost (Dollars per pair) Average Total Cost (Dollars per pair) On the following graph, plot Douglas Fur's average total cost (ATC) curve using the green points (triangle symbol). Next, plot its average variable cost (AVC) curve using the purple points (diamond symbol). Finally, plot its marginal cost (MC) curve using the orange points (square symbol). (Hint: For ATC and AVC, plot the points on the integer; for example, the ATC of producing one pair of boots is $210, so you should start your ATC curve by placing a green point at (1, 210). For MC, plot the…Suppose that in 2018, you inherited from your grandfather a small planetarium that had been closed for several years. Your planetarium has a maximum capacity of 75 people and all the equipment is in working order. You decide to reopen the planetarium on the weekends as a new laser-tag venture called Shoot for the Stars, and much to your delight it has become an instant success, with admission tickets selling out quickly for each day you are open. Describe some of the decisions that you must make in the short run. What might you consider to be your “fixed factor”? What alternative decisions might you be able to make in the long run? Explain
- Demand for microprocessors is given by P = 35 – 5Q , where Q is the quantity of microchips (in millions). The typical firm’s total cost of producing a chip is Ci = 5qi, where qi is the output of firm i. a) Does the typical microchip firm display increasing, constant, or decreasing returns to scale? What would you expect about the real microchip industry? In general, what must be true about the underlying technology of production for competition to be viable?The following table shows the capital and labor requirements for 10 different levels of production. Assuming that the price of labor (PL) is $9 per unit and the price of capital (PK) is $8 per unit, compute and graph total cost, marginal cost, and average cost for the firm. To do this, fill in the total cost for each output level in the table below. (Enter your responses as whole numbers.) q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 K 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 L 0 3 7 10 13 17 23 31 41 53 67 TC 0Suppose Nittany Bakery rents a building for $120 per day, and they can hire workers for $75 per day. The short run labor and output (quantity of scones) information is listed below. Fill in the columns for total cost and marginal cost. (Note: You may need to make columns for fixed cost (FC) and variable cost (VC) on a piece of scrap paper, which will make it easier to find total cost (TC).) Do not enter any dollar signs, and if necessary, round to two decimal places. Short Run Labor, Output, and Costs Labor (L) Output (Q) Total Cost (TC) Marginal Cost (MC) 00 -- 14 212 3 24 440 5 60 675 7 84
- Ike's Bikes is a major manufacturer of bicycles. Currently, the company produces bikes using only one factory. However, it is considering expanding production to two or even three factories. The following table shows the company's short-run average total cost (SRATC) each month for various levels of production if it uses one, two, or three factories. (Note: Q equals the total quantity of bikes produced by all factories.) Average Total Cost (Dollars per bike) Number of Factories Q = 100 Q = 200 Q = 300 Q = 400 Q = = 500 Q = 600 360 200 160 240 400 720 540 300 160 160 300 540 720 400 240 160 200 360 Suppose Ike's Bikes is currently producing 500 bikes per month in its only factory. Its short-run average total cost is $400 per bike. Suppose Ike's Bikes is expecting to produce 500 bikes per month for several years. In this case, in the long run, it would choose to produce bikes using three factories ▼ On the following graph, plot the three SRATC curves for Ike's Bikes from the previous…The following is a total cost curve.Calculate and sketch the corresponding MC curve. If the price of output is Php3 and there are no fixed costs, what is the profit- maximizing level of output and why?Demand for microprocessors is given by P = 35 – 5Q , where Q is the quantity of microchips (in millions). The typical firm’s total cost of producing a chip is Ci = 5qi, where qi is the output of firm i. a) Does the typical microchip firm display increasing, constant, or decreasing returns to scale? What would you expect about the real microchip industry? In general, what must be true about the underlying technology of production for competition to be viable?
- 22-23. Use this information to answer questions 22 and 23. A typical firm has a total cost function given by: TC = A.Q² + B.Q+ (C+D), where A, B, C & D are all positive constants and the term D represents the firm's fixed costs. 22. Suppose that the term C in the total cost function changes to a new figure that is twice as large. Thinking about the cost curves drawn on a graph, we would expect the following to happen (choose the best answer): A) B) H) I) J) ABOADAGAS 23. Use the information about the total cost function supplied above. The marginal cost curve will shift or rotate whenever (choose the best answer): A) B) C) D) H) I) Both the average variable cost curve AND the average cost curve shift (or rotate) down. Both the average variable cost curve AND the average cost curve shift (or rotate) up. The average cost curve shifts (or rotates) down. The average cost curve shifts (or rotates) up. J) The level of quantity where average cost is minimized falls. The level of quantity…can you explain how they got M=y^2/2 and L=2y^2 from part b of this question