ålöng än äiF onsidering a macroscopic object, a 0.40-kg cart is moving back an track between two bumpers located 2.0 m apart. We assume no friction; collisions with the bumpers are perfectly elastic so that between the bumpers, the car maintains a con- stant speed of 0.50 m/s. Compute the classical energy of it. Explain why we could use classical description here but for small particles like electron we have to apply the quan- tum theory? Treating the cart as a quantum particle, estimate the value of the principal quantum number that corresponds to its classical energy and briefly demonstrate that.

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Atomic Structure

The basic structure of an atom is defined as the component-level of atomic structure of an atom. Precisely speaking an atom consists of three major subatomic particles which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Many theories have been stated for explaining the structure of an atom.

Shape of the D Orbital

Shapes of orbitals are an approximate representation of boundaries in space for finding electrons occupied in that respective orbital. D orbitals are known to have a clover leaf shape or dumbbell inside where electrons can be found.