All of the following compounds are class II carbonyls except: HO- II IV I and V I and Ill only O l and V O Il and III only O 1,l and V

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Class II Carbonyls

- **Ketones & Aldehydes:**
  - These compounds contain carbonyl groups bonded to R (an alkyl or aryl group) and H (in the case of aldehydes).

- **Characteristics:**
  - Contain poor leaving groups (LVGs) such as R and H bonded to the carbonyl carbon.

- **Reactivity:**
  - Undergo nucleophilic addition reactions.

#### Diagrams:

1. **Ketone Structure:**
   - A carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two R groups. The diagram shows a central carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, with R groups on either side.

2. **Aldehyde Structure:**
   - A carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to one R group and one hydrogen atom. The diagram illustrates a central carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, with an R group on one side and a hydrogen atom on the other.
Transcribed Image Text:### Class II Carbonyls - **Ketones & Aldehydes:** - These compounds contain carbonyl groups bonded to R (an alkyl or aryl group) and H (in the case of aldehydes). - **Characteristics:** - Contain poor leaving groups (LVGs) such as R and H bonded to the carbonyl carbon. - **Reactivity:** - Undergo nucleophilic addition reactions. #### Diagrams: 1. **Ketone Structure:** - A carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two R groups. The diagram shows a central carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, with R groups on either side. 2. **Aldehyde Structure:** - A carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to one R group and one hydrogen atom. The diagram illustrates a central carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, with an R group on one side and a hydrogen atom on the other.
### Question on Class II Carbonyl Compounds

**Question:**  
All of the following compounds are class II carbonyls except:

#### Compounds

1. **Compound I:**
   - Structure: Benzene ring (phenyl group) attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) with an -OH group (carboxylic acid).

2. **Compound II:**
   - Structure: Simple ketone characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two alkyl groups.

3. **Compound III:**
   - Structure: Simple aldehyde characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group.

4. **Compound IV:**
   - Structure: Another ketone similar to Compound II, with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two different alkyl groups.

5. **Compound V:**
   - Structure: Acyl chloride with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a chlorine atom.

#### Answer Options

- **I and V**  (Selected option)
- **I and III only**
- **II and V**
- **II and III only**
- **I, II, and V**

**Explanation:**  
Class II carbonyls typically refer to aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids (I) and acyl chlorides (V) do not belong to this category. Thus, compounds I and V are not class II carbonyls.
Transcribed Image Text:### Question on Class II Carbonyl Compounds **Question:** All of the following compounds are class II carbonyls except: #### Compounds 1. **Compound I:** - Structure: Benzene ring (phenyl group) attached to a carbonyl group (C=O) with an -OH group (carboxylic acid). 2. **Compound II:** - Structure: Simple ketone characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two alkyl groups. 3. **Compound III:** - Structure: Simple aldehyde characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group. 4. **Compound IV:** - Structure: Another ketone similar to Compound II, with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two different alkyl groups. 5. **Compound V:** - Structure: Acyl chloride with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a chlorine atom. #### Answer Options - **I and V** (Selected option) - **I and III only** - **II and V** - **II and III only** - **I, II, and V** **Explanation:** Class II carbonyls typically refer to aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids (I) and acyl chlorides (V) do not belong to this category. Thus, compounds I and V are not class II carbonyls.
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