Alice sends Bob a message along with an MD5 hash of the message. Upon receipt, Bob runs the MD5 hashing algorithm and finds that the hash matches the one sent by Alice. This application of encryption is an example of   Nonrepudiation   Authentication   Confidentiality   Integrity

Q: Hashing method SHA1 was created by the National Security Agency of the United States of America. Why…

A: Hashing method SHA1 was created by the National Security Agency of the United States of America. Why…

Q: How is the hash value of a message protected? Is it possible to use it without obtaining the secret…

A: Message Authentication: Message authentication is another kind of security. The data security…

Q: algorithms

A: Given :- Algorithms for hashing and RSA encryption with message 2 is mention in the above given…

Q: Identify the vulnerabilities associated with each authentication technique and provide a fix for the…

A: How come mode Organizations in the fields of education, health, and business have been using…

Q: Message Integrity is protected by Hashing Select one: True False

A: Message integrity means that a message has not been tampered with or altered.

Q: Block size = 4 bits Hash size = 4 bits Encryption function: Divide the key into two halves: LK and…

A: Here is the solution with explanation:-

Q: Hashing is the simplest form of searching. is this true?

A: Task - To identify if given statement is true or not.

Q: Message encryption alone does not necessarly provide a secure form of authentication. True False A…

A: True

Q: A cryptographic hash function is most like a Choose one: Private random function Public random…

A: Cryptographic Hash Function: The cryptographic function is defined as the algorithm where it takes…

Q: Drag-and-drop the assembly code to form a program where 10 numbers in an array are added and stored…

A: Below I have provided a complete program for the given question.

Q: Which method is most vulnerable to attack when an opponent may edit certain ciphertext blocks…

A: ECB, also known as an electronic codebook, encrypts each plaintext segment independently.  Even with…

Q: Alice computes the hash of a password and sends it to Bob, who hashes it and compares it against a…

A: The threat in this scenario is that if the hashed password is intercepted or leaked during…

Q: Explain the reason why there is a difference between protecting against these two different sources…

A: HMAC stands for Hash-Based Message Authentication Code. It uses a cryptographic hash function and a…

Q: 1. compare the following abstract data types: i.Queue ii. Stack iii. Graph iv.Tree

A: Fundamental ideas in computer science called Abstract Data Types (ADTs) specify how data structures…

Q: What is the difference between a one-way hash function and a message authentication code?

A: Dear learner, hope you are doing well , I will try my best to answer this question . Thank You!!

Q: Bob chooses p = 11 and e1 = 2 and d = 3 e2 = e1dn= 8, so the public keys are [2, 8 .11]and the…

A: Step 1  The solution is given in the below step

Q: This question relates to hash functions for block ciphers Block size = 4 bits Hash size = 4 bits…

A: The correct answer for the above mentioned question is given in the following steps for your…

Q: Given a ‘message digest’ obtained with a known cryptographic hash function. Is it possible to…

A: According to the information given:- We have message digest’ obtained with a known cryptographic…

Q: Identify the threat in each of the following authentication methods and propose a solution: Bob…

A: Introduction: Alice gives Bob a password, which he examines against a password database. Alice (the…

Q: Blockchain is using a cryptographic hash function which is a hash function that has what additional…

A: Actually, the given question regarding block chain.

Q: U.S. government agency NSA created the SHA1 hashing algorithm for use in cryptography. Why should…

A: Hashing? Hashing changes a given value into another. It uses an algorithm-based hash function. Hash…

Q: Crack the following hashes obtained from a Windows system: Note: you'll want to utilize a wordlist…

A: To crack the hashes using the rockyou.txt wordlist and possibly applying rules the tool can be used…

Q: Bob checks the encrypted password against a database of hashes. Bob compares a double-hashed…

A: Password hashing is a fundamental part of security in computer systems. When a user creates an…

Q: Why can a hash function not be used for encryption

A: Answer:- hash function cannot be used for encryption because hash functions are onlyone way. and we…

Q: The process where a sequence of plaintext elements is replaced by a permutation of that sequence; in…

A: A sequence of plaintext is replaced by a permutation of that sequence. That is no elements are added…

Q: Which statement about the Hash function (H) is false: 1. For a message of any length, the size of…

A: H function stands for Hash function.

Q: d ask new customers for a credit card number. Then at the customer wishes to use their service and…

A: Summary Hashing can show that the data has not been altered in transit, but cannot by itself prove…

Q: What qualities must a hashing algorithm possess in order to be considered secure?

A: There are three main characteristics of a secured hash algorithms. Without this it can not be…

Q: 230. Alice decides to encrypt a plaintext block 6 times with 6 different keys. What is the effective…

A: In the realm of cryptography, the security of encrypted data relies heavily on the strength of…

Q: The SHA1 cryptographic hashing method was developed in the United States by the National Security…

A: The Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1), a cryptographic hash operation, was devised by the National…

Q: Consider the difference between hashing and encryption as well as hashing and salting?

A: We need to explain the difference between hashing and encryption as well as hashing and salting.

Q: When a message is sent, how is the hash value stored securely? Does it function if the secret key is…

A: The authentication of messages is another kind of security. In that it provides data secrecy, the…

Q: Alice and Bob are strangers. Alice wants Bob to send her a private message A and be able to verify…

A: The answer is given below for the above given question:

Q: Alice publishes her RSA public key: modulus N = 2038667 and exponent e = 103. (i) Alice knows that…

A: RSA algorithm is an asymmetric cryptography algorithm that works on two different keys i.e. Public…

Q: Suppose that Alice and Bob agree to hash an integer by taking the sum of the digits modulo 1212.…

A: The Answer for the following question is given in next step.

Q: Digital forensics: Suppose that we a record but not sure which one is the original one and which one…

A: SHA-256: SHA-256 is basically the successor of the hash function which is SHA-1. It is used to…

Q: Hashing is a process of converting input data of arbitrary size into a fixed-size output, typically…

A: The act of hashing is the use of a hash function to transform input data of any size into a…

Fundamentals of blockchaining

In a business network, the tracking assets and the process of recording transactions are facilitated by the shared immutable ledger called a blockchain. Assets are of two types they are tangible and intangible. The tangible assets are land, house, cash, etc. The intangible assets are copyrights, branding, properties patterns, intellectual property, etc. On a blockchain network, anything that has a value can be tracked and it can be traded.