College Physics 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
1 Introduction: The Nature Of Science And Physics 2 Kinematics 3 Two-dimensional Kinematics 4 Dynamics: Force And Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Further Applications Of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, And Elasticity 6 Uniform Circular Motion And Gravitation 7 Work, Energy, And Energy Resources 8 Linear Momentum And Collisions 9 Statics And Torque 10 Rotational Motion And Angular Momentum 11 Fluid Statics 12 Fluid Dynamics And Its Biological And Medical Applications 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, And The Gas Laws 14 Heat And Heat Transfer Methods 15 Thermodynamics 16 Oscillatory Motion And Waves 17 Physics Of Hearing 18 Electric Charge And Electric Field 19 Electric Potential And Electric Field 20 Electric Current, Resistance, And Ohm's Law 21 Circuits And Dc Instruments 22 Magnetism 23 Electromagnetic Induction, Ac Circuits, And Electrical Technologies 24 Electromagnetic Waves 25 Geometric Optics 26 Vision And Optical Instruments 27 Wave Optics 28 Special Relativity 29 Introduction To Quantum Physics 30 Atomic Physics 31 Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics 32 Medical Applications Of Nuclear Physics 33 Particle Physics 34 Frontiers Of Physics Chapter11: Fluid Statics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: What physical characteristic distinguishes a fluid from a solid? Problem 2CQ: Which of the following substances are fluids at room temperature: air, mercury, water, glass? Problem 3CQ: Why are gases easier to compress than liquids and solids? Problem 4CQ: How do gases differ from liquids? Problem 5CQ: Approximately how does the density of air vary with altitude? Problem 6CQ: Give an example in which density is used to identify the substance composing an object. Would... Problem 7CQ: Figure 11.40 shows a glass of ice water filled to the brim. Will the water overflow when the ice... Problem 8CQ: How is pressure related to the sharpness of a knife and its ability to cut? Problem 9CQ: Why does a dull hypodermic needle hurt more than a sharp one? Problem 10CQ: The outward force on one end of an air tank was calculated in Example 11.2. How is this force... Problem 11CQ: Why is force exerted by static fluids always perpendicular to a surface? Problem 12CQ: In a remote location near the North Pole, an iceberg floats in a lake. Next to the lake (assume it... Problem 13CQ: How do jogging on soft ground and wearing padded shoes reduce the pressures to which the feet and... Problem 14CQ: Toe dancing (as in ballet) is much harder on toes than normal dancing or walking. Explain in terms... Problem 15CQ: How do you convert pressure units like millimeters of mercury, centimeters of water, and inches of... Problem 16CQ: Atmospheric pressure exerts a large force (equal to the weight of the atmosphere above your... Problem 17CQ: Why does atmospheric pressure decrease more rapidly than linearly with altitude? Problem 18CQ: What are two reasons why mercury rather than water is used in barometers? Problem 19CQ: Figure 11.41 shows how sandbags placed around a leak outside a river levee can effectively stop the... Problem 20CQ: Why is it difficult to swim under water in the Great Salt Lake? Problem 21CQ: Is there a net force on a due to atmospheric pressure? Explain your answer. Problem 22CQ: Does atmospheric pressure add to the gas pressure in a rigid tank? In a toy balloon? When, in... Problem 23CQ: You can break a strong wine bottle by pounding a cork into it with your fist, but the cork must... Problem 24CQ: Suppose the master cylinder in a hydraulic system is at a greater height than the slave cylinder.... Problem 25CQ: Explain why the fluid reaches equal levels on either side of a manometer if both sides are open to... Problem 26CQ: Figure 11.17 shows how a common measurement of arterial pressure is made. Is there any effect on the... Problem 27CQ: Considering the magnitude of typical arterial blood pressures, why are mercury rather than water... Problem 28CQ: More force is required to pull the plug in a full bathtub than when it is empty. Does this... Problem 29CQ: Do fluids exert buoyant forces in a "weightless" environment, such as in the space shuttle? Explain... Problem 30CQ: Will the same ship float higher in salt water than in freshwater? Explain your answer. Problem 31CQ: Marbles dropped into a partially filled bathtub sink to the bottom. Part of their weight is... Problem 32CQ: The density of oil is less than that of water, yet a loaded oil tanker sits lower in the water than... Problem 33CQ: Is surface tension due to cohesive or adhesive forces, or both? Problem 34CQ: Is capillary action due to cohesive or adhesive forces, or both? Problem 35CQ: Birds such as ducks, geese, and swans have greater densities than water, yet they are able to sit on... Problem 36CQ: Water beads up on an oily sunbather, but not on her neighbor, whose skin is not oiled. Explain in... Problem 37CQ: Could capillary action be used to move fluids in a "weightless" environment, such as in an orbiting... Problem 38CQ: What effect does capillary action have on the reading of a manometer with uniform diameter? Explain... Problem 39CQ: Pressure between the inside chest wall and the outside of the lungs normally remains negative.... Problem 1PE: Gold is sold by the troy ounce (31.103 g). What is the volume of 1 troy ounce of pure gold? Problem 2PE: Mercury is commonly supplied in flasks containing 34.5 kg (about 76 1b). What is the volume in... Problem 3PE: (a) What is the mass of a deep breath of air having a volume of 2.00 L? (b) Discuss the effect... Problem 4PE: A straightforward method of finding the density of an object is to measure its mass and then measure... Problem 5PE: Suppose you have a coffee mug with a circular cross section and vertical sides (uniform radius).... Problem 6PE: (a) A rectangular gasoline tank can hold 50.0 kg of gasoline when full. What is the depth of the... Problem 7PE: A trash compactor can reduce the volume of its contents to 0.350 their original value. Neglecting... Problem 8PE: A 2.50-kg steel gasoline can holds 20.0 L of gasoline when full. What is the average density of the... Problem 9PE: What is the density of 18.0-karat gold that is a mixture of 18 parts gold, 5 parts silver, and 1... Problem 10PE: There is relatively little empty space between atoms in solids and liquids, so that the average... Problem 11PE: As a woman walks, her entire weight is momentarily placed on one heel of her high-heeled shoes.... Problem 12PE: The pressure exerted by a phonograph needle on a record is surprisingly large. If the equivalent of... Problem 13PE: Nail tips exert tremendous pressures when they are hit by hammers because they exert a large force... Problem 14PE: What depth of mercury creates a pressure of 1.00 atm? Problem 15PE: The greatest ocean depths on the Earth are found in the Marianas Trench near the Philippines.... Problem 16PE: Verify that the SI unit of hpg is N/m2. Problem 17PE: Water towers store water above the level of consumers for times of heavy use, eliminating the need... Problem 18PE: The aqueous humor in a person's eye is exerting a force of 0.300 N on the 1.10-cm2 area of the... Problem 19PE: How much force is exerted on one side of an 8.50 cm by 11.0 cm sheet of paper by the atmosphere? How... Problem 20PE: What pressure is exerted on the bottom of a 0.500-m-wide by 0.900-m-long gas tank that can hold 50.0... Problem 21PE: Calculate the average pressure exerted on the palm of a shot-putter's hand by the shot if the area... Problem 22PE: The left side of the heart creates a pressure of 120 mm Hg by exerting a force directly on the blood... Problem 23PE: Show that the total force on a rectangular dam due to the water behind it increases with the square... Problem 24PE: How much pressure is transmitted in the hydraulic system considered in Example 11.6? Express your... Problem 25PE: What force must be exerted on the master cylinder of a hydraulic lift to support the weight of a... Problem 26PE: A crass host pours the remnants of several bottles of wine into a jug after a party. He then inserts... Problem 27PE: A certain hydraulic system is designed to exert a force 100 times as large as the one put into it.... Problem 28PE: (a) Verify that work input equals work output for a hydraulic system assuming no losses to friction.... Problem 29PE: Find the gauge and absolute pressures in the balloon and peanut jar shown in Figure 11.16, assuming... Problem 30PE: (a) Convert normal blood pressure readings of 120 over 80 mm Hg to newtons per meter squared using... Problem 31PE: How tall must a water-filled manometer be to measure blood pressures as high as 300 mm Hg? Problem 32PE: Pressure cookers have been around for more than 300 years, although their use has strongly declined... Problem 33PE: Suppose you measure a standing person's blood pressure by placing the cuff on his leg 0.500 m below... Problem 34PE: A submarine is stranded on the bottom of the ocean with its hatch 25.0 m below the surface.... Problem 35PE: Assuming bicycle tires are perfectly flexible and support the weight of bicycle and rider by... Problem 36PE: What fraction of ice is submerged when it floats in freshwater, given the density of water at 0°C is... Problem 37PE: Logs sometimes float vertically in a lake because one end has become water-logged and denser than... Problem 38PE: Find the density of a fluid in which a hydrometer having a density of 0.750 g/mL floats with 92.0%... Problem 39PE: If your body has a density of 995 kg/m3, what fraction of you will be submerged when floating gently... Problem 40PE: Bird bones have air pockets in them to reduce their weight—this also gives them an average density... Problem 41PE: A rock with a mass of 540 g in air is found to have an apparent mass of 342 g when submerged in... Problem 42PE: Archimedes' principle can be used to calculate the density of a fluid as well as that of a solid.... Problem 43PE: In an immersion measurement of a woman's density, she is found to have a mass of 62.0 kg in air and... Problem 44PE: Some fish have a density slightly less than that of water and must exert a force (swim) to stay... Problem 45PE: (a) Calculate the buoyant force on a 2.00-L helium balloon. (b) Given the mass of the rubber in the... Problem 46PE: (a) What is the density of a woman who floats in freshwater with 4.00% of her volume above the... Problem 47PE: A certain man has a mass of 80 kg and a density of 955 kg/m3 (excluding the air in his lungs). (a)... Problem 48PE: A simple compass can be made by placing a small bar magnet on a cork floating in water. (a) What... Problem 49PE: What fraction of an iron anchor's weight will be supported by buoyant force when submerged in... Problem 50PE: Scurrilous con artists have been known to represent gold-plated tungsten ingots as pure gold and... Problem 51PE: A twin-sized air mattress used for camping has dimensions of 100 cm by 200 cm by 15 cm when blown... Problem 52PE: Referring to Figure 11.21, prove that the buoyant force on the cylinder is equal to the weight of... Problem 53PE: (a) A 75.0-kg man floats in freshwater with 3.00% of his volume above water when his lungs are... Problem 54PE: What is the pressure inside an alveolus having a radius of 2.50104 m if the surface tension of the... Problem 55PE: (a) The pressure inside an alveolus with a 2.00104 -m radius is 1.40103 Pa, due to its fluid-lined... Problem 56PE: What is the gauge pressure in millimeters of mercury inside a soap bubble 0.100 m in diameter? Problem 57PE: Calculate the force on the slide wire in Figure 11.29 if it is 3.50 cm long and the fluid is ethyl... Problem 58PE: Figure 11.35(a) shows the effect of tube radius on the height to which capillary action can raise a... Problem 59PE: We stated in Example 11.12 that a xylem tube is of radius 2.50105 m. Verify that such a tube raises... Problem 60PE: What fluid is in the device shown in Figure 11.29 if the force is 3.16103 N and the length of the... Problem 61PE: If the gauge pressure inside a rubber balloon with a 10.0-cm radius is 1.50 cm of water, what is the... Problem 62PE: Calculate the gauge pressures inside 2.00-cm-radius bubbles of water, alcohol, and soapy water.... Problem 63PE: Suppose water is raised by capillary action to a height of 5.00 cm in a glass tube. (a) To what... Problem 64PE: Calculate the contact angle for olive oil if capillary action raises it to a height of 7.07 cm in a... Problem 65PE: When two soap bubbles touch, the larger is inflated by the smaller until they form a single bubble.... Problem 66PE: Calculate the ratio of the heights to which water and mercury are raised by capillary action in the... Problem 67PE: What is the ratio of heights to which ethyl alcohol and water are raised by capillary action in the... Problem 68PE: During forced exhalation, such as when blowing up a balloon, the diaphragm and chest muscles create... Problem 69PE: You can chew through very tough objects with your incisors because they exert a large force on the... Problem 70PE: One way to force air into an unconscious person's lungs is to squeeze on a balloon appropriately... Problem 71PE: Heroes in movies hide beneath water and breathe through a hollow reed (villains never catch on to... Problem 72PE: Gauge pressure in the fluid surrounding an infant's brain may rise as high as 85.0 mm Hg (5 to 12 mm... Problem 73PE: A full-term fetus typically has a mass of 3.50 kg. (a) What pressure does the weight of such a fetus... Problem 74PE: If the pressure in the esophagus is -2.00 mm Hg while that in the stomach is +20.0 mm Hg, to what... Problem 75PE: Pressure in the spinal fluid is measured as shown in Figure 11.43. If the pressure in the spinal... Problem 76PE: Calculate the maximum force in newtons exerted by the blood on an aneurysm, or ballooning, in a... Problem 77PE: During heavy lifting, a disk between spinal vertebrae is subjected to a 5000-N compressional force.... Problem 78PE: When a person sits erect, increasing the vertical position of their brain by 36.0 cm, the heart must... Problem 79PE: (a) How high will water rise in a glass capillary tube with a 0.500-mm radius? (b) How much... Problem 80PE: A negative pressure of 25.0 atm can sometimes be achieved with the device in Figure 11.44 before the... Problem 81PE: Suppose you hit a steel nail with a 0.500-kg hammer, initially moving at 15.0 m/s and brought to... Problem 82PE: Calculate the pressure due to the ocean at the bottom of the Marianas Trench near the Philippines,... Problem 83PE: The hydraulic system of a backhoe is used to lift a load as shown in Figure 11.45. (a) Calculate the... Problem 84PE: Some miners wish to remove water from a mine shaft. A pipe is lowered to the water 90 m below, and a... Problem 85PE: You are pumping up a bicycle tire with a hand pump, the piston of which has a 2.00-cm radius. (a)... Problem 86PE: Consider a group of people trying to stay afloat after their boat strikes a log in a lake. Construct... Problem 87PE: The alveoli in emphysema victims are damaged and effectively form larger sacs. Construct a problem... Problem 27CQ: Considering the magnitude of typical arterial blood pressures, why are mercury rather than water...
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FLUID MECHANICS : HYDROSTATICS
Transcribed Image Text: Air, 32kPa
Problem 4
1m
Oil, SG=0.8
Determine the magnitude and location (take the
measurement using the bottom of the gate as reference) of
the total hydrostatic force which acts on the gate shown
with a dimension of 2m x 4m. [733.16 kN, 1.85m)
1.5m
Water
Glycerin, SG 1.26
CoG
60°
Am
Behavior of fluids (liquids and gases) when subjected to external forces.
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