After Before Treatment Treatment Participant 9. 00 a6 768 724 553 ABCDEE
Optimization
Optimization comes from the same root as "optimal". "Optimal" means the highest. When you do the optimization process, that is when you are "making it best" to maximize everything and to achieve optimal results, a set of parameters is the base for the selection of the best element for a given system.
Integration
Integration means to sum the things. In mathematics, it is the branch of Calculus which is used to find the area under the curve. The operation subtraction is the inverse of addition, division is the inverse of multiplication. In the same way, integration and differentiation are inverse operators. Differential equations give a relation between a function and its derivative.
Application of Integration
In mathematics, the process of integration is used to compute complex area related problems. With the application of integration, solving area related problems, whether they are a curve, or a curve between lines, can be done easily.
Volume
In mathematics, we describe the term volume as a quantity that can express the total space that an object occupies at any point in time. Usually, volumes can only be calculated for 3-dimensional objects. By 3-dimensional or 3D objects, we mean objects that have length, breadth, and height (or depth).
Area
Area refers to the amount of space a figure encloses and the number of square units that cover a shape. It is two-dimensional and is measured in square units.
![7. The following data are from a repeated-measures
study examining the effect of a treatment by measur-
ing a group of n = 6 participants before and after they
receive the treatment.
a. Calculate the difference scores and M
b. Compute SS, sample variance, and estimated
standard error.
c. Is there a significant treatment effect? Use a = .05,
two tails.
D'
Before
Treatment
After
Treatment
Participant
7
8.
2
C
4
6.
5
7
E
5
6.
F
3
8
8. When you get a surprisingly low price on a product
do you assume that you got a really good deal or that
you bought a low-quality product? Research indicates
that you are more likely to associate low price and low
quality if someone else makes the purchase rather than
yourself (Yan and Sengupta, 2011). In a similar study,
n = 16 participants were asked to rate the quality of
low-priced items under two scenarios: purchased by
a friend or purchased yourself. The results produced
a mean difference of M,
self-purchases rated higher.
a. Is the judged quality of objects significantly differ-
ent for self-purchases than for purchases made by
STA
2.6 and SS
135, with
%3D](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F08f4a279-d48e-4cde-805a-73df690d80eb%2Fb90b8883-6ba0-407d-899b-9e3d98436659%2Fqy376g9_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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