Adjusting Entries The bookkeeper for Joe’s Hardware Co. records all revenue and expense items in nominal accounts during the period. The following balances, among others, are listed on the trial balance at the end of the fiscal period, December 31, 2013, before accounts have been adjusted: Dr. (Cr.) Accounts Receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $123,000 Allowance for Bad Debts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,700) Interest Receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,200 Discount on Notes Payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Prepaid Real Estate and Personal Property Tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600 Salaries and Wages Payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7,600) Discount on Notes Receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,800) Unearned Rent Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5,200) Inspection of the company’s records reveals the following as of December 31, 2013: (a) Uncollectible accounts are estimated at 4% of the accounts receivable balance. (b) The accrued interest on investments totals $3,900. (c) The company borrows cash by discounting its own notes at the bank. Discounts on notes payable at the end of 2013 are $1,200. (d) Prepaid real estate and personal property taxes are $1,600, the same as at the end of 2012. (e) Accrued salaries and wages are $8,300. (f) The company accepts notes from customers, giving its customers credit for the face of the note less a charge for interest. At the end of each period, any interest applicable to the succeeding period is reported as a discount. Discounts on notes receivable at the end of 2013 are $1,300. (g) Part of the company’s properties had been sublet on September 15, 2012, at a rental of $2,100 per month. The arrangement was terminated at the end of one year. Instructions: Give the adjusting entries required to bring the books up to date.
The Effect Of Prepaid Taxes On Assets And Liabilities
Many businesses estimate tax liability and make payments throughout the year (often quarterly). When a company overestimates its tax liability, this results in the business paying a prepaid tax. Prepaid taxes will be reversed within one year but can result in prepaid assets and liabilities.
Final Accounts
Financial accounting is one of the branches of accounting in which the transactions arising in the business over a particular period are recorded.
Ledger Posting
A ledger is an account that provides information on all the transactions that have taken place during a particular period. It is also known as General Ledger. For example, your bank account statement is a general ledger that gives information about the amount paid/debited or received/ credited from your bank account over some time.
Trial Balance and Final Accounts
In accounting we start with recording transaction with journal entries then we make separate ledger account for each type of transaction. It is very necessary to check and verify that the transaction transferred to ledgers from the journal are accurately recorded or not. Trial balance helps in this. Trial balance helps to check the accuracy of posting the ledger accounts. It helps the accountant to assist in preparing final accounts. It also helps the accountant to check whether all the debits and credits of items are recorded and posted accurately. Like in a balance sheet debit and credit side should be equal, similarly in trial balance debit balance and credit balance should tally.
Adjustment Entries
At the end of every accounting period Adjustment Entries are made in order to adjust the accounts precisely replicate the expenses and revenue of the current period. It is also known as end of period adjustment. It can also be referred as financial reporting that corrects the errors made previously in the accounting period. The basic characteristics of every adjustment entry is that it affects at least one real account and one nominal account.
Date | Account title | Debit | Credit |
Dec. 31 | Bad debt expense ((123,000x 4%)-$2,700) | 2,220 | |
Allowance for bad debts | 2,220 |
Date | Account title | Debit | Credit |
Dec. 31 | Interest receivable (3,900-3,200) | 700 | |
Interest revenue | 700 |
Date | Account title | Debit | Credit |
Dec. 31 | Discount on notes payable | 900 | |
Interest expense (1,200-300) | 900 |
No entry required
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