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add formal charge where appropriate. can you also help me with the calculations? Thanks

add formal charge where appropriate. can you also help me with the calculations? Thanks

Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Chapter23: Amines
Section23.5: Basicity
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add formal charge where appropriate. can you also help me with the calculations? Thanks

 

 

The image contains several molecular structures represented in a 2D format. Here's a detailed transcription and explanation: 1. **Phosphine with Hydrocarbons**: - Structure: A phosphorus atom (P) is centrally bonded to three carbon atoms (C). - Each carbon has three hydrogen atoms (H) attached. - The structure can be represented as: ``` H H H | | | H-C-P-C-H | H-C-H ``` 2. **Isocyanide**: - Structure: A carbon (C) is triple-bonded to nitrogen (N), which has two lone pairs of electrons. - The carbon is singly bonded to two hydrogen atoms (H). - The structure is shown as: ``` H | C≡N: | H ``` 3. **Ketene**: - Structure: A carbon (C) is double-bonded to oxygen (O) with two lone pairs of electrons and is also double-bonded to another carbon (C). - The second carbon is bonded to two hydrogen atoms (H). - Represented as: ``` H | H-C=C=O: ``` 4. **Ammonia**: - Structure: A nitrogen atom (N) bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H), with one lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. - Shown as: ``` H | H-N-H :: ``` 5. **Enol form of an Acetaldehyde**: - Structure: A carbon atom is double-bonded to another carbon, which is bonded to an OH group (hydroxyl group). - The first carbon is also double-bonded to an oxygen atom (O) with two lone pairs of electrons. - The second carbon is singly bonded to two hydrogen atoms. - Represented as: ``` H O: | || H-C-C-C-H | | H-C=C ``` The diagram accurately depicts the molecular arrangements and electron distributions, useful for understanding chemical bonding and geometry.
Transcribed Image Text:The image contains several molecular structures represented in a 2D format. Here's a detailed transcription and explanation: 1. **Phosphine with Hydrocarbons**: - Structure: A phosphorus atom (P) is centrally bonded to three carbon atoms (C). - Each carbon has three hydrogen atoms (H) attached. - The structure can be represented as: ``` H H H | | | H-C-P-C-H | H-C-H ``` 2. **Isocyanide**: - Structure: A carbon (C) is triple-bonded to nitrogen (N), which has two lone pairs of electrons. - The carbon is singly bonded to two hydrogen atoms (H). - The structure is shown as: ``` H | C≡N: | H ``` 3. **Ketene**: - Structure: A carbon (C) is double-bonded to oxygen (O) with two lone pairs of electrons and is also double-bonded to another carbon (C). - The second carbon is bonded to two hydrogen atoms (H). - Represented as: ``` H | H-C=C=O: ``` 4. **Ammonia**: - Structure: A nitrogen atom (N) bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H), with one lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. - Shown as: ``` H | H-N-H :: ``` 5. **Enol form of an Acetaldehyde**: - Structure: A carbon atom is double-bonded to another carbon, which is bonded to an OH group (hydroxyl group). - The first carbon is also double-bonded to an oxygen atom (O) with two lone pairs of electrons. - The second carbon is singly bonded to two hydrogen atoms. - Represented as: ``` H O: | || H-C-C-C-H | | H-C=C ``` The diagram accurately depicts the molecular arrangements and electron distributions, useful for understanding chemical bonding and geometry.
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