activity cost pools and activity rates: y Cost Pool ing direct labor rocessing design processing r service Activity Rate $20 per direct labor-hour $184 per order $ 254 per custom design. $ 430 per customer ent would like an analysis of the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which has ordered the over the last 12 months: Standard Custom

Evans, Inc., has a unit-based costing system. Evanss Miami plant produces 10 different electronic products. The demand for each product is about the same. Although they differ in complexity, each product uses about the same labor time and materials. The plant has used direct labor hours for years to assign overhead to products. To help design engineers understand the assumed cost relationships, the Cost Accounting Department developed the following cost equation. (The equation describes the relationship between total manufacturing costs and direct labor hours; the equation is supported by a coefficient of determination of 60 percent.) Y=5,000,000+30X,whereX=directlaborhours The variable rate of 30 is broken down as follows: Because of competitive pressures, product engineering was given the charge to redesign products to reduce the total cost of manufacturing. Using the above cost relationships, product engineering adopted the strategy of redesigning to reduce direct labor content. As each design was completed, an engineering change order was cut, triggering a series of events such as design approval, vendor selection, bill of materials update, redrawing of schematic, test runs, changes in setup procedures, development of new inspection procedures, and so on. After one year of design changes, the normal volume of direct labor was reduced from 250,000 hours to 200,000 hours, with the same number of products being produced. Although each product differs in its labor content, the redesign efforts reduced the labor content for all products. On average, the labor content per unit of product dropped from 1.25 hours per unit to one hour per unit. Fixed overhead, however, increased from 5,000,000 to 6,600,000 per year. Suppose that a consultant was hired to explain the increase in fixed overhead costs. The consultants study revealed that the 30 per hour rate captured the unit-level variable costs; however, the cost behavior of other activities was quite different. For example, setting up equipment is a step-fixed cost, where each step is 2,000 setup hours, costing 90,000. The study also revealed that the cost of receiving goods is a function of the number of different components. This activity has a variable cost of 2,000 per component type and a fixed cost that follows a step-cost pattern. The step is defined by 20 components with a cost of 50,000 per step. Assume also that the consultant indicated that the design adopted by the engineers increased the demand for setups from 20,000 setup hours to 40,000 setup hours and the number of different components from 100 to 250. The demand for other non-unit-level activities remained unchanged. The consultant also recommended that management take a look at a rejected design for its products. This rejected design increased direct labor content from 250,000 hours to 260,000 hours, decreased the demand for setups from 20,000 hours to 10,000 hours, and decreased the demand for purchasing from 100 component types to 75 component types, while the demand for all other activities remained unchanged. Required: 1. Using normal volume, compute the manufacturing cost per labor hour before the year of design changes. What is the cost per unit of an average product? 2. Using normal volume after the one year of design changes, compute the manufacturing cost per hour. What is the cost per unit of an average product? 3. Before considering the consultants study, what do you think is the most likely explanation for the failure of the design changes to reduce manufacturing costs? Now use the information from the consultants study to explain the increase in the average cost per unit of product. What changes would you suggest to improve Evanss efforts to reduce costs? 4. Explain why the consultant recommended a second look at a rejected design. Provide computational support. What does this tell you about the strategic importance of cost management?

Fisico Company produces exercise bikes. One of its plants produces two versions: a standard model and a deluxe model. The deluxe model has a wider and sturdier base and a variety of electronic gadgets to help the exerciser monitor heartbeat, calories burned, distance traveled, etc. At the beginning of the year, the following data were prepared for this plant: Additionally, the following overhead activity costs are reported: Required: 1. Calculate the cost per unit for each product using direct labor hours to assign all overhead costs. 2. Calculate activity rates and determine the overhead cost per unit. Compare these costs with those calculated using the unit-based method. Which cost is the most accurate? Explain.

Thermal Rising, Incorporated, makes paragliders for sale through specialty sporting goods stores. The company has a standard paraglider model, but also makes custom-designed paragliders. Management has designed on activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools and activity rates: ActIvity Cost Pool Supporting direct lebor Order processing Custon desion processing Customer service Activity Rate $416 per direct labor-hour $ 182 per order $ 261 per custon design $426 per custoner Management would like an analysis of the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which has ordered the following products over the last 12 months Stenderd Model Custos Desion 2 2 Number of gilders Number of orders Number of custon des igns Direct iabor-hours per gtider Selling price per glider Direct naterlals cost per ollder 14 30.50 $1,875 $ 444 33.00 $2.450 $ 500 The company's direct labor rate is $22 per hour Required: Using the company's activity-based costing…

Thermal Rising, Incorporated, makes paragliders for sale through specialty sporting goods stores. The company has a standard paraglider model, but also makes custom-designed paragliders. Management has designed an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools and activity rates: Activity Cost Pool Supporting direct labor Order processing Custom design processing Customer service Activity Rate $ 18 per direct labor-hour $ 192 per order $266 per custom design $ 428 per customer Management would like an analysis of the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which has ordered the following products over the last 12 months: Number of gliders Number of orders Number of custom designs Direct labor-hours per glider Selling price per glider Direct materials cost per glider The company's direct labor rate is $16 per hour. Customer margin Standard Model 16 1 0 26.50 $1,900 $ 458 Custom Design 2 2 34.00 $ 2,480 $ 568 Required: Using the company's…

Thermal Rising, Incorporated, makes paragliders for sale through specialty sporting goods stores. The company has a standard paraglider model, but also makes custom-designed paragliders. Management designed an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools and activity rates: Activity Cost Pool Supporting direct labor Order processing Custom design processing Customer service Activity Rate $ 18 per direct labor-hour $ 192 per order $ 269 per custom design $ 422 per customer Management wants to calculate the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which ordered the following products over the last 12 months: Number of gliders Number of orders Number of custom designs Standard Custom Model Design 13 2 1 2 0 2 33.00 Direct labor-hours per glider Selling price per glider Direct materials cost per glider The company's direct labor rate is $18 per hour. Required: 30.50 $ 1,875 $ 444 $ 2,400 $ 576 Using the company's activity-based costing system,…

Thermal Rising, Incorporated, makes paragliders for sale through specialty sporting goods stores. The company has a standard paraglider model, but also makes custom-designed paragliders. Management has designed an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools and activity rates: Activity Cost Pool Supporting direct labor Order processing Custom design processing Customer service Activity Rate $ 26 per direct labor-hour $ 284 per order $ 186 per custom design $ 379 per customer Management would like an analysis of the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which has ordered the following products over the last 12 months: standard Custom Model Design Number of gliders Number of orders 20 1 3 Number of custom designs Direct labor-hours per glider selling price per glider Direct materials cost per glider 26.35 28.00 $ 1,850 $ 564 $ 2,400 $ 634 The company's direct labor rate is $19.50 per hour. Requlred: Using the company's activity-based costing…

Munabhai

Thermal Rising, Incorporated, makes paragliders for sale through specialty sporting goods stores. The company has a standard paraglider model, but also makes custom-designed paragliders. Management designed an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools and activity rates: Activity Cost Pool Supporting direct labor Order processing Custom design processing Customer service Activity Rate $ 22 per direct labor-hour $ 182 per order $ 261 per custom design $ 422 per customer Management wants to calculate the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which ordered the following products over the last 12 months: Number of gliders Number of orders Number of custom designs Direct labor-hours per glider Selling price per glider Direct materials cost per glider Standard Model Custom Design 16 2 1 2 0 2 30.50 32.00 $ 1,900 $ 450 $ 2,420 $ 580 The company's direct labor rate is $16 per hour. Required: Using the company's activity-based costing system,…

Thermal Rising, Inc., makes paragliders for sale through specialty sporting goods stores. The company has a standard paraglider model, but also makes custom-designed paragliders. Management has designed an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools and activity rates: Activity Cost Pool Supporting direct labor Order processing Custom design processing Activity Rate $ 26 per direct labor-hour $ 284 per order $ 186 per custom design $ 379 per customer Customer service Management would like an analysis of the profitability of a particular customer, Big Sky Outfitters, which has ordered the following products over the last 12 months: Standard Custom Model Design Number of gliders 20 3 Number of orders 1 3 Number of custom designs Direct labor-hours per glider Selling price per glider Direct materials cost per glider 3 26.35 28.00 $ 1,850 $ 2,400 $ 564 $ 634 The company's direct labor rate is $19.50 per hour. Required: Using the company's activity-based costing…