Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
![### Lewis Acids and Bases
By the Brønsted-Lowry definition, acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. By the Lewis definition, acids are electron-pair acceptors, and bases are electron-pair donors. For bases, the two definitions are equivalent such that all Lewis bases are Brønsted-Lowry bases and vice versa.
However, it is possible to have a Lewis acid that is not a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is because Lewis acids include molecules and cations that have a vacant valence orbital, regardless of whether they have a proton to donate.
Common examples of Lewis acids (that are not Brønsted-Lowry acids) are metal ions, such as Al³⁺ and Cu²⁺. The following is an example of a Lewis acid-base reaction:
\[ \text{Cu}^{2+} + 4\text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \text{Cu}(\text{NH}_3)_4^{2+} \]
\(\text{NH}_3\) donates the electron pair to \(\text{Cu}^{2+}\). Therefore, \(\text{NH}_3\) is a Lewis base, and \(\text{Cu}^{2+}\) is a Lewis acid.
### Part B
Classify each of the following as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base.
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
- **Options:** CO₂, NH₃, SiCl₄, CH₃OH, Cl⁻, CN⁻, Mn²⁺
- **Bins:** Lewis acids, Lewis bases
Please note that this section involves interaction with the content, such as classifying each chemical species under the appropriate category of Lewis acids or bases based on their ability to accept or donate electron pairs.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb0be78df-234d-4653-8235-8227b9098990%2F4119c239-3b29-469d-8927-503ac5c3c53f%2Fmcr1v3_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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