According to Wikipedia, the internet is a global computer network that connects billions of computing devices. [Bibliography required] Using a "nuts and bolts" approach, please give a succinct description of the following three components and the function that each plays in facilitating communication through the internet:

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Cryptography

Cryptography is a term used in computer science to describe secure information and communication techniques that transform messages in difficult-to-decipher ways using mathematical concepts and a set of rule-based calculations known as algorithms.