According to the figure, Nigeria has a population size than Canada, with a proportion of the population at post-reproductive age. Male Fermale Male Female 100 100 90 90 80 80 70 70 60- 60 2 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0- 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 16 12 8 12 16 Population (millions) Population (millions) (a) Age structure diagram of Canada (b) Age structure diagram of Nigeria Age

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Population Growth

R and K Selection

R and K selection are concepts in ecology used to describe traits in the fluctuation of a population or population dynamics. For example, they describe the life-association traits between parent and offspring, such as quantity or number of young ones born at a time, quality of parental care, the age to maturity, and reproductive effort.