According to the elastic theory, the vertical stress induced by a point load of magnitude Q [kN] on the surface of a semi-infinite soil mass can be estimated by the expression: 0.477 QN Ap = z2 where: 1 N = 212.5 [1+ () r = horizontal distance of the point from the load z = depth of the point at which stress is induced A point load Q = 1500 kN is applied at the ground surface. a) Evaluate the stress in the soil caused by the point load at a depth of 2.5 m directly below the load b) Evaluate the stress in the soil caused by the point load at a depth of 5 m directly below the load c) Evaluate the stress at a depth of 2.5 m and a horizontal distance of 3 m from the point load

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.