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About 30% of the population cannot detect any odor when they sniff the steroid androstenone, but they can become sensitive to its smell if exposed to the chemical repeatedly. Does this change in sensitivity happen in the nose or the brain? Mainland (2002) exposed one nostril of each of 12 non-detector participants to androstenone short periods every day for 21 days. The other nostril was plugged and had humidifie flow to prevent androstenone from entering. After the 21 days, the researchers foun 10 of 12 participants had improved androstenone-detection accuracy. This suggeste increases in the plugged nostril, whereas two had reduced accuracy. This suggested

About 30% of the population cannot detect any odor when they sniff the steroid androstenone, but they can become sensitive to its smell if exposed to the chemical repeatedly. Does this change in sensitivity happen in the nose or the brain? Mainland (2002) exposed one nostril of each of 12 non-detector participants to androstenone short periods every day for 21 days. The other nostril was plugged and had humidifie flow to prevent androstenone from entering. After the 21 days, the researchers foun 10 of 12 participants had improved androstenone-detection accuracy. This suggeste increases in the plugged nostril, whereas two had reduced accuracy. This suggested

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Number of participants improving Probability 0.0002 1 0.003 2 0.016 3. 0.054 0.121 0.193 0.226 7 0.193 8 0.121 9. 0.054 10 0.016 11 0.003 12 0.0002 About 30% of the population cannot detect any odor when they sniff the steroid androstenone, but they can become sensitive to its smell if exposed to the chemical repeatedly. Does this change in sensitivity happen in the nose or the brain? Mainland et al. (2002) exposed one nostril of each of 12 non-detector participants to androstenone for short periods every day for 21 days. The other nostril was plugged and had humidified air flow to prevent androstenone from entering. After the 21 days, the researchers found that 10 of 12 participants had improved androstenone-detection accuracy. This suggested that increases in the plugged nostril, whereas two had reduced accuracy. This suggested that increases in sensitivity to androstenone happened in the brain rather than in the nostril, since the epithelia of the nostrils are not connected. The authors conducted a statistical hypothesis test of whether accuracy in fact did change. Let p refer to the proportion of non- detectors in the population whose accuracy scores improve after 21 days. Under the null hypothesis, p= 0.5 (as many participants should improve as deteriorate in their accuracy after 21 days). The alternative hypothesis is that p is not equal to 0.5. What is the P-value for this test? Express with three significant figures, and include the leading zero.
Transcribed Image Text:Number of participants improving Probability 0.0002 1 0.003 2 0.016 3. 0.054 0.121 0.193 0.226 7 0.193 8 0.121 9. 0.054 10 0.016 11 0.003 12 0.0002 About 30% of the population cannot detect any odor when they sniff the steroid androstenone, but they can become sensitive to its smell if exposed to the chemical repeatedly. Does this change in sensitivity happen in the nose or the brain? Mainland et al. (2002) exposed one nostril of each of 12 non-detector participants to androstenone for short periods every day for 21 days. The other nostril was plugged and had humidified air flow to prevent androstenone from entering. After the 21 days, the researchers found that 10 of 12 participants had improved androstenone-detection accuracy. This suggested that increases in the plugged nostril, whereas two had reduced accuracy. This suggested that increases in sensitivity to androstenone happened in the brain rather than in the nostril, since the epithelia of the nostrils are not connected. The authors conducted a statistical hypothesis test of whether accuracy in fact did change. Let p refer to the proportion of non- detectors in the population whose accuracy scores improve after 21 days. Under the null hypothesis, p= 0.5 (as many participants should improve as deteriorate in their accuracy after 21 days). The alternative hypothesis is that p is not equal to 0.5. What is the P-value for this test? Express with three significant figures, and include the leading zero.
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