A300 mm x 300 mm reinforced concrete column shown is reinforced with 8-16 mm diameter bars with fy - 415 MPa. The ties are 10 mm diameter with fyh = 276 MPa. Concrete strength is ft + 28 MPa. Clear concrete cover is 40 mm. determine the required spacing of transverse (confinement of hoop) reinforcement for seismic design.

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.