a. What is specific about the ACE2 receptor that makes it easy for the spike protein to bind to it?
Q: draw 3 images of tumors in the brain tumor glioma, and a non glioma brain tumor, and a simple…
A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…
Q: Explain G coupled protein receptors and protein kinase associated receptors.
A: Receptors are chemically protein or glycoprotein molecules which binds to the signal( ligand).The…
Q: Explain humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy?
A: A widely familiar complication of cancer is hypercalcemia which is observed in around 20-30% of…
Q: b. Briefly describe the pathophysiology of ONE inflammatory disease
A: Asthama:- Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus.…
Q: Define the term hyperalgesia?
A: Answer: Introduction: Hyperalgesia can take place by tissue damage or swelling or by captivating…
Q: Discuss Presynaptic factors?
A: Neurotransmitters can be defined as the chemical messengers that play the role in transmitting the…
Q: Give Presynaptic factors?
A: The process of relating to or denoting the nerve cell that will releases the transmitter substance…
Q: Recognize the causes and symptoms of Tay Sach’s disease and multiple sclerosis
A: Tay Sach’s disease: It is a genetic disorder that causes the destruction of nerve cells of brain and…
Q: An anti-Alzheimer’s drug is
A: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that begins slowly and worsens with…
Q: Explain attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD)?
A: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a mental disorder that generally occurs in children. It…
Q: Explain why benign brain tumors are serious.
A: Tumors can be defined as the abnormal growth or the proliferation of the cells. There are two types…
Q: Describe two abnormalities seen in the brain of Alzheimerdisease patients.
A: Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders. They exhibit a…
Q: Alzheimer Correct mechanism Faulty mechanism (ligand, receptor, or response)
A: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive dementia that affects both cognition and behavior. The…
Q: Pathophysiology of Rotor syndrome?
A: Introduction: A syndrome is a noticeable complex of side effects and actual discoveries which show a…
Q: Differentiate acute effects from chronic effects.
A: Acute effect : Health impacts that typically happen quickly, because of transient exposure. Acute…
Q: Identify the major symptoms of localized inflammation and ofseptic shock.
A: Septic shock is a serious condition in which the blood pressure reduces to extremely low levels due…
Q: n AKI & CRF (onset, definition, pain, signs & symptoms, etc.)?
A: As we know When the kidneys lose their ability to function normally, it is referred to as kidney…
Q: Explain how cor pulmonale may develop.
A: Cor pulmonale is a condition that occurs due to pulmonary hypertension and it mainly occurs in the…
Q: Explain the common causes of dysphagia.
A: Dysphagia is a condition with swallowing in which food must be passed from mouth to the stomach with…
Q: Is the genetic basis stronger for early-onset or lateonset Parkinson’s disease?
A: Parkinson,s disorder is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the nervous system is usually…
Q: When pain becomes chronic, explain how this is maladaptive and what the physiological (changes in…
A: When pain lasts longer than three to six months, it is classified as chronic pain.
Q: What is multiple sclerosis? Why is it difficult to diagnose? Name some symptoms a person could…
A: The nervous system is the control system of our body and it consists of neurons. The neurons receive…
Q: Compare the pathophysiology and earlysigns of multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’sdisease.
A: The nervous system can be divided into two parts. The central nervous system (CNS) and the…
Q: Describe the stages of the general adaptation syndrome.
A: The state of physiological calmness or balance is known as Homeostasis. In this state bodily…
Q: Describe treatments that would be used for DM and DKA.
A: Diabetes mellitus is defined as a type of metabolic disease that occurs when the level of glucose…
Q: Describe systemic effects of Inflammation-2 possibly beneficial effects & 2 possibly harmful effects
A: Inflammation is the type of protective tissue response to the injury or destruction of the tissues…
Q: b. Explain the pathogenesis of Hamid's condition. What is the most common cause of his condition?…
A: On the basis of history probable diagnosis is Diabetic foot with ulceration. Ans.B) Pathogenesis of…
Q: State whether true or false. Explain
A: Apoptosis :- It is the process of programmed cell death. It is used to get rid of the cells that…
Q: D- Explain how "Tetrahydrobiopterin" is essential for the synthesis of CNS neurotrnasmitters
A: Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that transmit signals from one nerve cell to another…
Q: Briefly describe the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome.
A: Introduction: The three-stage GAS process outlines the physiological adjustments the body makes in…
Q: Describe one connection between the structure of proteins and brain degeneration diseases.
A: Proteins are primarily made up of amino acids. A protein becomes functional when it acquires unique…
Q: Describe factors that should be avoided if a patient has ahistory of seizures.
A: A seizure is a momentary abnormality in muscular tone or movements (stiffness, twitching, or…
Q: state five conditione necessara for geminakon
A: The development of a seedling from seed is referred to as germination. Germination occurs when there…
Q: АCTIVITY: 1. Identify and describe 10 disorders that result from the disruption of homeostasis.
A: Various factors affect the secretion of the hormones that maintain the homeostasis in the body. If…
Q: Define the term nuclear receptors?
A: Our cells are made up of a plasma membrane. This membrane is selectively permeable in nature. The…
Q: Explain Intercellular recognition and memory. (Cells)Having trouble explaining it
A: The work of Claude bernard gave the concept of the milieu Interieur which states that the system of…
Q: C. What nonpharmacologic therapy should be included in the management of TW's RA? TW will be treated…
A: Arthritis is an inflammation of the joints. Types of arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis(RA).…
Q: What are the function of the companion cells? State in 5 sentences
A: Companion cells are a part of the phloem tissue of plants. They are living parenchyma cells. They…
Q: Outline the management of multiple sclerosis
A: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a brain and spinal cord disorder that is potentially debilitating…
Q: xplain multiple sclerosis in detail.
A: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic condition, which means it's long-lasting and there's no cure for it.…
Q: Can you predict an undesirable consequence of taking anti-inflammatory drugs on a regular basis?
A: Anti-inflammatory drugs - These are drugs which are used to reduce inflammation, sometimes for fever…
Q: What are the major symptoms a person will display who has had a PCA stroke?
A: PCA stroke - PCA - Posterior Cerebral Artery PCA stroke - PCA stroke is a kind of Posterior…
Can someone please help me answer this?
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- The diagram below shows the Covid-19 virus with its spike protein. It also shows the area on the spike protein which binds to the ACE2 receptor (receptor binding domain). Corona Virus Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Spike Protein In order to get into a cell, the Covid-19 virus needs to bind to the ACE2 receptor. Once bound it is brought into the cell. These receptors are found on cells making up various tissues (oral and nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, lung, stomach, small intestine, colon, skin, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney, and brain). The symptoms for Covid-19 are linked to the tissue cells the virus infects. To the right is a diagram showing the biding of the spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. SARS-COV-2 Spike (S) Host Cell ACE2 acerHuman rhinoviruses are a large family of related viruses responsible for many cases of the "common cold." They are naked, ss(+)RNA viruses. When a person gets a cold, most of the symptoms result from inflammation of the upper respiratory system, caused by the innate immune response to the virus. Describe how the innate immune system would recognize the presence of a rhinovirus infection, and then how its response could lead to cold symptoms.Considering that each virus must bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, explain how you would create a drug that prevents viral attachment.
- Covid 19 binds to the ACE2 and TMPRS22 receptor to invade a cell. Would these be transmembrane or intracellular receptors? Select one: a. Intracellular receptor since viruses can pass through our cell membranes b. Transmembrane receptor since the virus cannot directly cross the plasma membrane of our cellsRhinoviruses, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped viruses, these and other nonenveloped viruses tend to remain infectious outside the body longer, are more likely to be spread by contact with surfaces, and are less likely to be rendered harmless by exposure to hand sanitizer or hand washing. Explain how the lack of an envelope could contribute to these characteristics.If a virus goes through with path would it take and how would it enter to the brain? I am asking if a virus like covid-19 but more dangerous how would it enter to the brain?
- In the subject of Norovirus, the polyprotein chain broken into pieces by viral proteases and that results in several viral proteins, which mainly affect the small intestine. What is the exact role of each specific viral protein? ExplainWhen an antibody binds to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, it may block access of the spike protein to the ACE2 protein on human cells. This is one way an antibody can prevent the virus from attaching to and getting inside of human cells. But antibodies can do more than just block virus entry. Due to the symmetrical structure of the immunoglobulin molecule, it can bind to two antigen molecules simultaneously, like this: As a result, antibodies can cross-link multiple viruses in a three-dimensional network. Using this diagram as a starting point, draw several additional viruses and antibodies to illustrate what a cross-linked antigen-antibody complex might look like.Viruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct definition Antigenic drift [ Choose ] [Choose ] Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens Antigenic shift The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites
- Table 2. Summary of Ebola Virus Weapons Ebola Virus Weapon Lipid envelope originating from the host cell that has GP attachment proteins. VP35 $GP Mechanism unknown "The Ebola Wars: Mission Immune Evasion Role in Evading the Immune Response Turns off existing interferon alarms by disrupting STATI signaling pathway. Counteracts tetherin to allow viruses to bud from the cell. Induces bystander apoptosis of immune cells (especially T lymphocytes and NK cells). Page 8Rhinovirus, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped viruses these and other nonenveloped viruses tend to remain infectious outside the body longer, are more likely to be spread by contact with surfaces, and are likely to be rendered harmless by exposure to hand sanitizer or hand washing. Explain how the lack of an envelope could contribute to these characteristics.Researchers studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, have found that the virus is able to circumvent its host cell's normal defenses by leaving the cell via its lyso- somes rather than its normal secretory vesicles, as illustrated in the figure below. endoplasmic reticulum nucleus disrupted lysosomal functions Entry and egress of the SARS-CoV-2 virus A Golgi complex Which of the following best explains their findings? B lysosome (deacidified) С lysosome (acidified) B-coronavirus normal biosynthetic pathway egress via lysosomal trafficking SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them. D SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them.