12. Batteries (Ming) a. Explain the principle of a Li-ion battery, its basic components and typical materials used nowadays. b. How to calculate the equilibrium cell voltage of a battery cell? How to evaluate its energy storage capacity? c. Try to compare the battery and P2X technologies, for each pros and cons, global development status and future trend. a. What is biomass used for today, and how could that change in the future? b. Explain the operating principle of thermal gasification of biomass. What sub-processes can it be divided in to? Explain the difference between the two reactor types presented in the course. c. Explain the synergy between biomass gasification and water electrolysis for fuel synthesis. What determines the size of the water electrolysis? 7. Thermodynamics & Electrochemistry (Ming) a. Explain briefly the law of thermodynamics, the different thermodynamic properties (enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy) and how they influence different processes/reactions. What is a heat pump, its operation principle, and typical applications? How can we calculate the equilibrium potential of an electrochemical cell? Which factors play a role? What is the Nernst equation? 9. b. C. 8. Energy storage (Ming) a. b. C. Explain the principle of energy storage, different options (i.e. different energy storage technologies) and their operation principles, pros and cons, global development status. Explain the basic concepts of energy density, power density, LCOE, LCOS When we design an energy storage system for a specific purpose, which factors shall we consider? Fuel cells & hydrogen (Ming) a. What is the operation principle of a fuel cell? What are the basic components of a fuel cell and their functions? What are different fuel cell types? b. How to calculate efficiency of a fuel cell? What do LHV and HHV mean? C. Explain the reactions happening in a PEMFC and a SOFC. 10. Electrolysis & Power2X (Ming) a. What are the basic components of an electrolysis cell? What kind of reactions happen there? Name the main electrolysis technologies, and for each the main components and typical materials, reactions, global development status. b. How to calculate efficiency of an electrolysis cell or a fuel cell? What is the thermoneutral voltage? How to calculate the minimum energy demand to produce 1 Nm³ H₂ from water or steam? c. What is Power to X? Explain briefly the different processes for fuel synthesis. 11. Infrastructure and cost (Peter) a. Explain how discounted cash flow (DCF) works and how it relates to simple summation of future cash flows. b. Explain why net present value (NPV) is used when evaluating the financial attractiveness of a project and how it relates to the internal rate of return (IRR). Discuss what the levelized cost of energy/electricity (LCOE) does well, and important things which the LCOE does not take into account. C.