Chemistry 10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
1 Chemical Foundations 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Stoichiometry 4 Types Of Chemical Reactions And Solution Stoichiometry 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 Atomic Structure And Periodicity 8 Bonding: General Concepts 9 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals 10 Liquids And Solids 11 Properties Of Solutions 12 Chemical Kinetics 13 Chemical Equilibrium 14 Acids And Bases 15 Acid-base Equilibria 16 Solubility And Complex Ion Equilibria 17 Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free Energy 18 Electrochemistry 19 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View 20 The Representative Elements 21 Transition Metals And Coordination Chemistry 22 Organic And Biological Molecules Chapter22: Organic And Biological Molecules
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated... Problem 2RQ Problem 3RQ: What are aromatic hydrocarbons? Benzene exhibits resonance. Explain. What are the bond angles in... Problem 4RQ: Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Correct the... Problem 5RQ: What functional group distinguishes each of the following hydrocarbon derivatives? a.... Problem 6RQ: Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism.... Problem 7RQ Problem 8RQ Problem 9RQ Problem 10RQ Problem 11RQ Problem 12RQ: Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA. The monomers in nucleic acids are called... Problem 1Q Problem 2Q Problem 3Q Problem 4Q Problem 5Q Problem 6Q Problem 7Q Problem 8Q: Give an example reaction that would yield the following products. Name the organic reactant and... Problem 9Q Problem 10Q Problem 11Q Problem 12Q Problem 13Q: Is the primary, secondary, or tertiary structure of a protein changed by denaturation? Problem 14Q Problem 15E Problem 16E Problem 17E: Draw all the structural isomers for C8H18 that have the following root name (longest carbon chain).... Problem 18E: Draw all the structural isomers for C8H18 that have the following root name (longest carbon chain).... Problem 19E Problem 20E Problem 21E: Draw the structural formula for each of the following. a. 3-isobutylhexane b.... Problem 22E Problem 23E Problem 24E: Name each of the following cyclic alkanes, and indicate the formula of the compound. a. b. c. Problem 25E Problem 26E: Draw the structures for two examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons. What structural feature makes a... Problem 27E: Name each of the following alkenes. a. CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 b. c. Problem 28E: Name each of the following alkenes or alkynes. a. b. c. Problem 29E Problem 30E: Give the structure for each of the following. a. 4-methyl-1-pentyne b. 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-hexene c.... Problem 31E Problem 32E: Cumene is the starting material for the industrial production of acetone and phenol. The structure... Problem 33E: Name each of the following. a. b. CH3CH2CH2CCl3 c. d. CH2FCH2F Problem 34E Problem 35E: There is only one compound that is named 1,2-dichloroethane, but there are two distinct compounds... Problem 36E Problem 37E Problem 38E Problem 39E: Draw all the structural isomers of C5H10. Ignore any cyclic isomers. Problem 40E Problem 41E: Draw all the structural and geometrical (cistrans) isomers of C3H5Cl. Problem 42E: Draw all the structural and geometrical (cistrans) isomers of bromochloropropene. Problem 43E: Draw all structural and geometrical (cistrans) isomers of C4H7F. Ignore any cyclic isomers. Problem 44E Problem 45E Problem 46E Problem 47E Problem 48E Problem 49E: If one hydrogen in a hydrocarbon is replaced by a halogen atom, the number of isomers that exist for... Problem 50E: There are three isomers of dichlorobenzene, one of which has now replaced naphthalene as the main... Problem 51E: Identify each of the following compounds as a carboxylic acid, ester, ketone, aldehyde, or amine. a.... Problem 52E Problem 53E: Mimosine is a natural product found in large quantities in the seeds and foliage of some legume... Problem 54E: Minoxidil (C9H15N5O) is a compound produced by Pharmacia Company that has been approved as a... Problem 55E: For each of the following alcohols, give the systematic name and specify whether the alcohol is... Problem 56E Problem 58E Problem 59E Problem 60E Problem 61E Problem 62E Problem 63E Problem 64E Problem 65E Problem 66E Problem 67E Problem 68E Problem 69E Problem 70E Problem 71E Problem 72E Problem 73E Problem 74E Problem 75E Problem 76E Problem 77E Problem 78E Problem 79E: Super glue contains methyl cyanoacrylate, which readily polymerizes upon exposure to traces of water... Problem 80E Problem 81E Problem 82E Problem 83E Problem 84E Problem 85E Problem 86E Problem 87E Problem 88E Problem 89E Problem 90E Problem 91E: Aspartame, the artificial sweetener marketed under the name NutraSweet, is a methyl ester of a... Problem 92E Problem 93E Problem 94E: Draw the structures of the tripeptides glyalaser and serala-gly. How many other tripeptides are... Problem 95E Problem 96E Problem 97E Problem 98E: In general terms, what does the tertiary structure of a protein represent? Distinguish between the... Problem 99E: Give an example of amino acids that could give rise to the interactions pictured in Fig. 21-24 that... Problem 100E: What types of interactions can occur between the side chains of the following amino acids that would... Problem 101E Problem 102E Problem 103E Problem 104E Problem 105E Problem 106E Problem 107E Problem 108E Problem 109E Problem 110E Problem 111E Problem 114E Problem 115E Problem 116E Problem 117E Problem 118E Problem 119E: The base sequences in mRNA that code for certain amino acids are Glu: GAA, GAG Val: GUU, GUC, GUA,... Problem 120E Problem 121AE Problem 122AE Problem 123AE Problem 124AE Problem 125AE Problem 126AE Problem 127AE Problem 128AE Problem 129AE: Explain why methyl alcohol is soluble in water in all proportions, while stearyl alcohol... Problem 130AE Problem 131AE Problem 132AE Problem 133AE Problem 134AE Problem 135AE Problem 136AE Problem 137AE Problem 138AE Problem 139AE Problem 140AE Problem 141AE Problem 142AE: a. Use bond energies (see Table 3-3) to estimate H for the reaction of two molecules of glycine to... Problem 143AE Problem 144AE Problem 145AE: All amino acids have at least two functional groups with acidic or basic properties. In alanine, the... Problem 146AE Problem 147AE Problem 148AE: In glycine, the carboxylic acid group has Ka = 4.3 103 and the amino group has Kb = 6.0 105. Use... Problem 149CWP: Name each of the following alkanes. a. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 b. c. Problem 150CWP Problem 151CWP: Name each of the following cyclic alkanes. a. b. c. d. Problem 152CWP: Name each of the following alkenes and alkynes. a. b. c. d. e. f. Problem 153CWP: a. Name each of the following alcohols. b. Name each of the following alcohols, including the... Problem 154CWP Problem 155CWP Problem 156CWP Problem 157CP Problem 158CP: Estimate H for the following reactions using bond energies given in Table 8.5. 3CH2=CH2(g) + 3H2(g) ... Problem 159CP Problem 160CP Problem 161CP Problem 162CP: Consider a sample of a hydrocarbon at 0.959 atm and 298 K. Upon combusting the entire sample in... Problem 163CP Problem 164CP Problem 165CP Problem 166CP Problem 167CP Problem 168CP Problem 169CP Problem 170CP: Alcohols are very useful starting materials for the production of many different compounds. The... Problem 171CP: A chemical breathalyzer test works because ethanol in the breath is oxidized by the dichromate ion... Problem 172CP: Estradiol is a female hormone with the following structure: How many chiral carbon atoms are in... Problem 173IP Problem 174IP Problem 175MP Problem 176MP Problem 118E
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What aldehyde or ketone is needed to prepare each compound by an aldol reaction?
Transcribed Image Text: a.
Сно
Он
OH
b.
C6H5-
C6H5
CHO
C.
Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.
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Step 2-Determination of the carbonyl compounds
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