A. In 2008, during the global financial crisis, Lehman Brothers, one of the largest investment banks, collapsed and defaulted on its corporate bonds, causing significant losses for bondholders. This event highlighted several risks that investors in corporate bonds might face. What are the key risks an investor would encounter when investing in corporate bonds? Explain these risks with examples or academic references. [15 Marks]
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![A. In 2008, during the global financial crisis, Lehman Brothers, one of the largest
investment banks, collapsed and defaulted on its corporate bonds, causing
significant losses for bondholders. This event highlighted several risks that investors
in corporate bonds might face. What are the key risks an investor would encounter
when investing in corporate bonds? Explain these risks with examples or academic
references.
[15 Marks]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F5cffbe59-dbcc-4750-ac9a-d91994789a71%2Fe1c5da31-5d3b-434e-a20a-8d6051510577%2Fu1wneq_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)

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- Which of the following is NOT true? swaps (CDS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO), later identified as two instruments that played a major role in the market failure of 2008. The Dodd Frank Act bans risky proprietary trading activities Under the Dodd Frank Act, a large financial institution can hold lower capital reserves because it has better reputation than a small financial institution. Under the Dodd Frank Act, a central bank will not tolerate TBTF and will fail large banks in a future crisis. The Dodd Frank Act provides finance customers protection.3) In the fall of 2008, AIG, the largest insurance company in the world at the time, was at risk 3 of defaulting due to the severity of the global financial crisis. As a result, the U.S. government stepped in to support AIG with large capital injections and an ownership stake. How would this affect, if at all, the yield and risk premium on AIG corporate debt?17- Leading up to the 2007-2009 Financial Crisis, the bundling of smaller loans (like mortgages) into standard debt securities. process, along with computer technology, enabled the a) easing b) liberalization C) investment banking d) securitization Boş birak Карat Sina B KOnceki 17/25 Sonraki>
- During the 2008 recession, large financial institutions including investment and insurance companies, were at risk of bankruptcy due to the sub-prime mortgage crisis. Which element of insurance risk best demonstrates this concept? A. the loss produced by the risk must be definite B. the loss produced by the risk must be measurable C. the loss must not be catastrophic D. the loss must be fortuitous or accidental171.One of the elements addressed in the Dodd-Frank bill was authority over nonbank financial institutions that face bankruptcy. A)True B)False 172.The Dodd-Frank bill established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to help consumers understand the financial impact of Social Security. A)True B)False 173.Explain the trade-off between rate of return and liquidity. How do banks affect the trade-off? 174.What is maturity transformation? Explain the difference between maturity transformation by depository banks and by shadow banks. 175.Explain how shadow banks, which don't take deposits, can have bank runs. 176.Explain the two main causes of banking crises. 177.What caused the banking crises in the 1990s in Finland, Sweden, and Japan? 178.Describe the financial contagion that occurred during the Irish banking crisis in 2008. 179.Why are banking-crisis recessions so bad? 180.Explain the difference…Which of the following events would make it more likely that a company would call its outstanding callable bonds? State your reason for the answer. The company’s bonds are downgraded. Market interest rates rise sharply. The company's financial situation deteriorates significantly. Inflation increases significantly. Market interest rates decline sharply
- Class book: Fundamentals of Corporate Finance by Brealey, Myers, and Marcus The Financial Crisis. True or False a. The financial crisis was largely caused by banks taking large positions in the options and futures markets. b. The prime cause of the financial crisis was an expansion in bank lending for the overheated commercial real estate market. c. Many subprime mortgages were packaged together by banks for resale as mort-gage-backed securities. d. The crisis could have been much more serious if the government had not stepped in to rescue Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers. e. The crisis in the eurozone finally ended when other eurozone countries and the IMF provided a massive bailout package to stop Greece from defaulting on its debts.In the fall of 2008, AIG, the largest insurance companyin the world at the time, was at risk of defaulting due tothe severity of the global financial crisis. As a result, theU.S. government stepped in to support AIG with largecapital injections and an ownership stake. How wouldthis affect, if at all, the yield and risk premium on AIGcorporate debt?Which of the following events would make it more likely that a company would choose to call its outstanding callable bonds? * Market interest rates rise sharply. The company's financial situation deteriorates significantly. Inflation increases significantly. Market interest rates decline sharply. The company's bonds are downgraded.
- Which of the following events would make it more likely that a company would choose to call its outstanding callable bonds? 1.Market interest rates decline sharply. 2.The company's bonds are downgraded. 3.Market interest rates rise sharply. 4.Inflation increases significantly. 5.The company's financial situation deteriorates significantly.A corporation suffering big losses might be more likely to suspend interest payments on its bonds, thereby ☐a. lowering the default risk and causing the demand for its bonds to rise. O b. raising the default risk and causing the demand for its bonds to fall. C. lowering the default risk and causing the demand for its bonds to fall. O d. raising the default risk and causing the demand for its bonds to rise.Which of the following events would make it less likely that a company would choose to call its outstanding callable bonds? O The company's financial situation improves significantly. O Ratings on the company's bonds are upgraded. O Inflation decreases significantly. Market interest rates decline sharply. O Market interest rates rise sharply.