a. Determine the load Vcc og Rcs current R1 Vcco- p. Determine the range of loads that will keep |VCE| > 0.6V V+ R2 Q1 V- R2 Lo-Vcc RLoad

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# Precision VCIS for Ground-Referenced Load - Example

## Problem F2
a. Determine the load current  
b. Determine the range of loads that will keep |V_CE| > 0.6V  

### Circuit Diagram Explanation

The diagram represents a precision voltage-controlled current source (VCIS) circuit designed for a ground-referenced load.

- **Components and Connections:**
  - **Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp):** It has V+ and V- inputs. The V+ input connects to the junction between resistors R1 and R2. Its output is connected to the base of transistor Q1.
  - **Transistor Q1:** An NPN transistor with the collector connected to R_cs and the emitter connected to R_Load.
  - **Resistors:**
    - **R1 and R2:** Connected in series between V_cc and ground. The junction is connected to the V+ input of the op-amp.
    - **R_cs:** Connected between V_cc and the collector of transistor Q1.
    - **R_Load:** Connected between the emitter of Q1 and ground.
- **Supply Voltages:**
  - **V_cc:** Positive voltage supply.
  - **-V_cc:** Negative voltage supply.

### Component Values

- **R1:** 20kΩ
- **R2:** 80kΩ
- **R_cs:** 390Ω
- **V_cc / -V_cc:** ±12V
Transcribed Image Text:# Precision VCIS for Ground-Referenced Load - Example ## Problem F2 a. Determine the load current b. Determine the range of loads that will keep |V_CE| > 0.6V ### Circuit Diagram Explanation The diagram represents a precision voltage-controlled current source (VCIS) circuit designed for a ground-referenced load. - **Components and Connections:** - **Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp):** It has V+ and V- inputs. The V+ input connects to the junction between resistors R1 and R2. Its output is connected to the base of transistor Q1. - **Transistor Q1:** An NPN transistor with the collector connected to R_cs and the emitter connected to R_Load. - **Resistors:** - **R1 and R2:** Connected in series between V_cc and ground. The junction is connected to the V+ input of the op-amp. - **R_cs:** Connected between V_cc and the collector of transistor Q1. - **R_Load:** Connected between the emitter of Q1 and ground. - **Supply Voltages:** - **V_cc:** Positive voltage supply. - **-V_cc:** Negative voltage supply. ### Component Values - **R1:** 20kΩ - **R2:** 80kΩ - **R_cs:** 390Ω - **V_cc / -V_cc:** ±12V
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