a. Briefly discuss the major participants in the Sultanate of Oman monetary system. (200 words). b. Discuss in detail the meaning and functions of money. (600 words). c. Discuss the importance of money market securities for the Sultanate of Oman's financial stability and the relationship between money supply and economic activity. (600 words). d. Elaborate on the primary functions and activities of the Central Bank of Oman. (400 words).

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Required Reserve and Excess Reserve Analysis

A required reserve is an amount of cash that banks must keep with themselves, which is certain percentage of the deposits made by their customers. Required reserve is a percentage of the bank's deposits that the respective bank must have on each overnight. The percentage rate is set and determined by the nation’s central bank. It is important to have such funds accumulated to meet its uncertain obligations, sudden liabilities and withdrawals. Required reserve is also known as reserve ratio. Reserve ratio is an important tool to control the money supply.