A water supply company has delivered an annual quantity of 120,000,000 m³ (including leakage) to a city of 1.2 million inhabitants with a mixed industrial- Commercial- residential city in South Africa. The total floor area of an office complex building (non-combustible construction, C = 0.8) is 30 000 m². The leakage from the system estimated at 20% of the total supply, and billed non- domestic consumption of 25 million m³ly. Assume annual demand growth is 2.8%. Calculate: (a) Water consumption per capita per day (gross and specific) (b) vvaler consumption rates (use Harmond formula for peak factor) (c) Calculate the demand in 25 years' time. (d) Calculate the required capacity of the pipe distribution system
Reservoir and Streamflow Routing
In hydrology, a reservoir is usually a natural pond that is enlarged or made using a dam to keep the water clean. Reservoirs or dams can be constructed in several ways, including controlling the existing watercourse, disrupting the watercourse to form embayment within it, by digging or building any number of retaining walls.
Water Resource Systems Analysis
Water resources are natural water sources that may be as useful as water sources. 97% of the world's water is saltwater and only 3% is pure water; just over two-thirds of this ice sheet is located in glaciers. The remaining pure frozen water is found primarily as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above the ground or in the air. Natural sources of freshwater include surface water, under river flow, groundwater, and ice water. Artificial water sources can include treated wastewater (recycled water) and saline seawater.
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Calculate the required capacity of the pipe distribution system
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