A water intake at a pump storage reservoir (the gure) has a cross-sectional area of 0.717 m2. The water ows in at a speed of 0.546 m/s. At the generator building, at a distance of D=167 m below the intake point, the cross-sectional area is smaller than at the intake, and the water ows out at 9.46 m/s. What is the cross-sectional area at the outlet and what is the difference in pressure between inlet and outlet? Neglect any considerations of viscosity in this problem.
Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
A water intake at a pump storage reservoir (the gure) has a cross-sectional area of 0.717 m2. The water ows in at a speed of 0.546 m/s. At the generator building, at a distance of D=167 m below the intake point, the cross-sectional area is smaller than at the intake, and the water ows out at 9.46 m/s. What is the cross-sectional area at the outlet and what is the difference in pressure between inlet and outlet? Neglect any considerations of viscosity in this problem. Answer both parts of the question and show all work. Look at the image fot context.
![This handwritten diagram illustrates a simple hydroelectric power system.
- **Reservoir**: This is the starting point where water is stored. It is depicted at a higher elevation on the left side of the diagram.
- **Intake**: Water flows from the reservoir into the intake, marked by a vertical arrow labeled "INTAKE" indicating the entry point into the system.
- **Descent (D)**: The diagram shows a downward slope, highlighting the gravitational force aiding water flow towards the generator building. The drop is labeled as “D,” representing the potential energy obtained from the height difference.
- **Generator Building**: Positioned at a lower elevation on the right side of the diagram, this is where energy conversion takes place.
- **Outlet**: The water exits through the outlet, marked with a box containing circles and labeled "OUTLET." This indicates the final stage of the water flow before being released back into the environment.
This system demonstrates how the potential energy of stored water in a reservoir is converted into electricity using a descent to a generator building, leveraging gravitational force to facilitate the process.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fea9e5aa7-56fe-45d5-85af-7f099e1ff50a%2F567fef97-2407-4e5f-ab0e-ef3fc1149642%2Fzwxiy_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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