A W 12 a x 72 is used as a column to carry an axial load P. The column has a fixed . oport at the bottom and hinged at the top. The column has an unsupported height of 6m. Using A 36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa. Es = 200000 MPa. Properties of W 12 x 72 A = 13677.40 mm2 d= 311.15 mm bf= 305.82 mm tf = 17.04 nun tw = 10.92 mm Ix = 248.5 x 106 mm4 Iy = 81.17 x 106 mm4 rx = 134.87 mm ry = 77.22 rnm a) Compute the recommended value of the slenderness ratio. b) Compute the allowable compressive stress. c) Compute the allowable axial load P.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.