A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. COVID-19 virus contains RNA, not DNA, as a genetic material. Immunity is a host defense system against disease and specifically recognizes external materials (non-self materials) and eliminate them. RNA vaccines are faster and cheaper to produce than traditional vaccines, and a RNA vaccine is safer for the patient as they do not contain infectious elements. HPV (human papilloma virus) vaccination is very effective in preventing cervical cancer and more than 80 % of Japanese has taken this vaccine.
True or false
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A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.
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COVID-19 virus contains RNA, not DNA, as a genetic material.
-
Immunity is a host defense system against disease and specifically
recognizes external materials (non-self materials) and eliminate them.
-
RNA vaccines are faster and cheaper to produce than traditional vaccines,
and a RNA vaccine is safer for the patient as they do not contain infectious
elements.
-
HPV (human papilloma virus) vaccination is very effective in preventing
cervical cancer and more than 80 % of Japanese has taken this vaccine.
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Edward Jenner first proposed protective vaccine against plague in the 18th century.
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Herd immunity protects infection of vaccinated population but not in the unvaccinated population.
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Long term health problems after COVID-19 infection is called Long COVID.
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Cerebellum of the brain co-ordinates muscle movements.
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Neuron is a special type of cells in the brain and nervous system.
bb.Neurons can communicate using electric impulses in the axon and neurotransmitters secreted at the synapses.
cc. Synapse formation is important for memory.
dd. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. ee. Dementia can be cured by calorie restriction and exercise.
ff. In general, larger animals take longer sleep.
gg.Circadian rhythm is basically a 24-hour internal clock that is running in the background of your body and cycles between sleepiness and alertness at regular intervals
hh. Shift-work or chronic jet-lag have profound consequences on circadian and
ii. Sleep is essential for all animals. Sleep depletion caused disheveled fur, increased food intake, decrease in body temperature, weight loss and death after a few weeks in mice experiment.
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