A vertical-tube two-pass heater is used for heating gas oil. Saturated steam at 100 lbf/in^2 gauge is used as a heating medium. The tubes are 1 in. OD by BWG 16 and are made of mild steel. The oil enters at 60°F and leaves at 150°F. The viscosity-temperature relation is exponential. The viscosity at 60°F is 5.0 cP and at 150°F is 1.8 cP. The oil is 37° API (specific gravity 0.840) at 60°F. The flow of oil is 150 bbl/h (1 bbl = 42 gal). Assume the steam condenses in film condensation. The thermal conductivity of the oil is 0.078 Btu/ft-h-°F, and the specific heat is 0.480 Btu/1b-°F. The velocity of the oil in the tubes should be approximately 4 ft/s. Calculate the length of tubes needed for this heater.

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Industrial Pipes In order for there to be interchangeability between different components of a pipe, is it necessary that both the pressure class and the gauge are the same?

The figure 1 above presents a crudely simplified centralised water heating system. The system comprises of two heating lines, the first line having one radiatorand the second has four radiators in series.The pressure after the pump (point (1)) is 2 bar, and the flow velocity is 1.2 m/s. For simplicity we can assume the water to be in constant temperature of 60◦C. Loss coefficients and pressure losses are listed in Table 1, and pipe lengths and diameters are given in Table 2.For the system balancing, the target is to divide the mass flow so, so that 20% of the mass flow goes to the first line (i.e. through radiator R1.1) and 80% of the flow goes to the second line (R2.1 - R2.4):(a) How large pressure loss is needed in the control valve CV1 to get the desired flow rates in the two lines? (b) How large is then the minor loss coefficient of the said valve, KCV1? (c) How much is the pressure, in bar, at the end of the line at section 4?

1. A capillary tube is being used to measure the viscosity of a Newtonian liquid. The tube has a 4-cm diameter and a length of 20 cm. Estimate the viscosity coefficient for the liquid if a pressure of 2.5 kPa is required to maintain a flow rate of 1 kg/s. The liquid density is 998 kg/m3 2. Calculate the viscosity of a fluid that would allow a pressure drop of 35 kPa over a 5 – m length of 3.4 in. stainless steel sanitary pipe if the fluid is flowing at 0.12 m3/hr and has a density of 1010 kg/m3. Assume laminar flow. 3. At 2 cm diameter, 5 cm long capillary-tube viscometer is being used to measure viscosity of 10 – Pa.s liquid food. Determine the pressure required for measurement when a flow rate of 1 kg/min is desired and ρ= 1000 kg/m3.

Why does pressured pipes crack in longitudinal direction?

It is a Thermodynamics subject please show the complete and step by step solution. Use the given format I inserted. Please answer it as soon as possible.

a. Water and oil flow in horizontal pipelines. A double U-tube manometer is connected between the pipelines, as shown in Figure 1.1. Calculate the pressure difference between the water pipe and the oil pipe. Air Oil 1 in 6 in. Water S =09 10 in S=1.6 Figure 1.1

Please answer the problems completely. Show the full solution.

It appears that no one knows how to solve this problem correctly. I tried 33.7oC, 50.517oC, and now 47.91oC (see screenshot attached) but it says that all of those possible solutions are wrong. Please help solve to achieve the correct value. I can't seem to figure out why it is always wrong.