A two-dimensional beam structure or frame (ABCD, shown below) has a concentrated load, P, acting on Point D. You can assume that the connections at B and C have sufficient strength to react the applied load and that loads and moments are transferred between the beams. You can assume that the members have a constant cross-section and that El-constant. B A L -2m- C P-3kN D 2m In order to evaluate the design you must: (a) Sketch the deformed shape of the frame, solve the reaction forces and construct the bending moment diagram for the frame. (b) Use any method to determine the vertical deflection at Point D. Ensure that you clearly explain your approach and show your final answer. Clearly state any assumptions made. (c) If the bending rigidity, El, of the frame between Point B and Point C was doubled. What effect would this have on the resulting horizontal deflection at point D. Ensure that your answer is supported by suitable reasoning, calculations and/or sketches.

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.