A tunnel is to be driven through a weathered quartz with the following characteristics: → A point-load strength index of 4 MPa. → ARQD of 65%. → Spacing between joints is 450 mm. → Joints are slightly rough and have a separation less than 1 mm. Walls are highly weathered. → Tunneling conditions are anticipated to be damp. → The dominant joint set dips at 30° against the direction of the drive. What is the RMR of this rock mass? A) RMR = 31 B) RMR = 53 C) RMR = 70 D) RMR = 89 2. PROBLEM 4 A dam foundation is to be built upon a strong limestone with the following characteristics: → Uniaxial compressive strength of 80 MPa. →ARQD of 80%. → Spacing between joints is 80 mm. → The joint set has been described as follows: → Average discontinuity length is 4 m. → Separation of joints is generally less than 0.1 mm. →Joints are slightly rough and moderately weathered. → Joints have no infilling. →Groundwater conditions are assumed to be dripping. → The discontinuity orientation was deemed fair. What is the RMR of this rock mass? A) RMR = 31 B) RMR = 53 C) RMR = 70 D) RMR = 89

Q: The compressive strength obtained from the unconfined test is called the unconfined compressive…

A: In unconfined compression test, the confining pressure is kept zero. This test is performed in soft…

Q: The stress intensity factor for a partial-through thickness crack is given by where a is the length…

A: Schematic diagram of the given problem as per the statement: Factor toughness (k) = 30 Mpa m1/2…

Q: Tension specimens (diameter d0 0.500 in., gage length L0 2.00 in.) made of structural materials A…

A: Given, Do = 0.5 in Lo = 2 in

Q: A thin walled rotating shaft is subjected to a torque and a bending load. The torque produces the…

A:

Q: Lo to P2.6-7 kN, as shown in Fig. P2.6-7. If the steel has a modulus of elas- ticity E = 200 GPa and…

A:

Q: 1. For the rectangular beam shown here, calculate the development lengths of top No. 7 bars and…

A:

Q: In which of the following statement is incorrect? O Internal friction angle is higher in clay than…

A: State 2 and 3 are correct as (i) Pure sand has close to zero cohesion as sandy soil is having more…

Q: 11. (a) Plot Mohr envelopes of strength for (1) = 0°, (2) = 30°, (3) = 60°, and (4)= 90° for the…

A:

Temperature effects on atom arrangements

Atoms are the smallest units of matter. Atoms can be subdivided into electrons, protons, and several other subatomic particles. Groups or combinations of atoms form molecules that primarily decide the property and behavior of materials. These molecules have the property to attract other molecules based on the valence electrons in the atoms' outermost orbit. An orderly arrangement of molecules is known as crystal structure, which forms the fundamental topic of concern in materials science and engineering. The arrangement of molecules is different for different materials and hence, each material exhibits different lattice arrangements. The lattice arrangements are functions of external loads, deformations, and temperature. On experiencing high temperatures or low temperatures, the behavior of the lattice arrangement of a material change.