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4. A train moves along the tracks at a constant speed u. A woman on the train throws a
ball of mass m straight ahead with a speed v with respect to herself. (a) What is the
kinetic energy gain of the ball as measured by a person on the train? (b) by a person
standing by the railroad track? (c) How much work is done by the woman throwing
the ball and (d) by the train?

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