A train is traveling at 12.3 m/s as it approaches a tunnel in the smooth, vertical face of a rock cliff. The speed of sound is 343. m/s. The engineer sounds a whistle in the locomotive of fundamental frequency 325. Hz. (a) At what frequency does a rider in the caboose hear the locomotive whistle? (b) Suppose that a rock climber is on the cliff face, just above the tunnel. At what frequency would the cliff-based observer hear the locomotive whistle? (c) At what frequency does the rider in the caboose hear the echo from the cliff wall?
Properties of sound
A sound wave is a mechanical wave (or mechanical vibration) that transit through media such as gas (air), liquid (water), and solid (wood).
Quality Of Sound
A sound or a sound wave is defined as the energy produced due to the vibrations of particles in a medium. When any medium produces a disturbance or vibrations, it causes a movement in the air particles which produces sound waves. Molecules in the air vibrate about a certain average position and create compressions and rarefactions. This is called pitch which is defined as the frequency of sound. The frequency is defined as the number of oscillations in pressure per second.
Categories of Sound Wave
People perceive sound in different ways, like a medico student takes sound as vibration produced by objects reaching the human eardrum. A physicist perceives sound as vibration produced by an object, which produces disturbances in nearby air molecules that travel further. Both of them describe it as vibration generated by an object, the difference is one talks about how it is received and other deals with how it travels and propagates across various mediums.
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