A toaster using a Nichrome heating element operates on 120 V. When it is switched on at 24∘С, the heating element carries an initial current of 1.38 A. A few seconds later the current reaches the steady value of 1.23 A. What physical process is launched with the switching on of the toaster? Why does the current decrease from its initial value and reach another steady value? Choose the best answer from below. A. When switched on, heating element of the toaster acts as a parallel connection of a resistor and an inductor. This connection reacts to any change of the current with a delay. As the result, current initially increases to a greater value and then reaches the saturated value. B. When switched on, heating element of the toaster acts as a resistor and converts electrical energy into thermal. However, there are imperfections in the circuit that lead to a loss of energy. As the result, amount of the current that is transformed to thermal energy decreases. C. When switched on, heating element of the toaster acts as a parallel connection of a resistor and a conductor. This connection reacts to any change of the voltage with a delay. As the result, current initially increases to a greater value and then reaches the saturated value. D. When switched on, heating element of the toaster acts as a resistor and converts electrical energy into thermal. Resistivity of the element depends on its temperature, so as it heats up, its resistance changes and as so does the current. (a) What is the final temperature of the element? The average value of the temperature coefficient of resistivity for Nichrome over the relevant temperature range is 4.5×10−4(∘C-1). (b) What is the power dissipated in the heating element initially and when the current reaches 1.23 A?

College Physics

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305952300

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter1: Units, Trigonometry. And Vectors

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CQ: Estimate the order of magnitude of the length, in meters, of each of the following; (a) a mouse, (b)...

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A toaster using a Nichrome heating element operates on 120 V. When it is switched on at 24∘С, the heating element carries an initial current of 1.38 A. A few seconds later the current reaches the steady value of 1.23 A.

What physical process is launched with the switching on of the toaster? Why does the current decrease from its initial value and reach another steady value? Choose the best answer from below.

A. When switched on, heating element of the toaster acts as a parallel connection of a resistor and an inductor. This connection reacts to any change of the current with a delay. As the result, current initially increases to a greater value and then reaches the saturated value.

B. When switched on, heating element of the toaster acts as a resistor and converts electrical energy into thermal. However, there are imperfections in the circuit that lead to a loss of energy. As the result, amount of the current that is transformed to thermal energy decreases.

C. When switched on, heating element of the toaster acts as a parallel connection of a resistor and a conductor. This connection reacts to any change of the voltage with a delay. As the result, current initially increases to a greater value and then reaches the saturated value.

D. When switched on, heating element of the toaster acts as a resistor and converts electrical energy into thermal. Resistivity of the element depends on its temperature, so as it heats up, its resistance changes and as so does the current.

(a) What is the final temperature of the element? The average value of the temperature coefficient of resistivity for Nichrome over the relevant temperature range is 4.5×10⁻⁴(∘C^-1).

(b) What is the power dissipated in the heating element initially and when the current reaches 1.23 A?

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