A thin metal disk with mass 2.00 × 10−3 ?? and radius 2.20 cm is attached at its center to a long fiber (Fig. 2). The disk, when twisted and released, oscillates with a period of 1.00 s. Find the torsion constant of the fiber.
Simple harmonic motion
Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion in which an object undergoes oscillatory motion. The restoring force exerted by the object exhibiting SHM is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position. The force is directed towards the mean position. We see many examples of SHM around us, common ones are the motion of a pendulum, spring and vibration of strings in musical instruments, and so on.
Simple Pendulum
A simple pendulum comprises a heavy mass (called bob) attached to one end of the weightless and flexible string.
Oscillation
In Physics, oscillation means a repetitive motion that happens in a variation with respect to time. There is usually a central value, where the object would be at rest. Additionally, there are two or more positions between which the repetitive motion takes place. In mathematics, oscillations can also be described as vibrations. The most common examples of oscillation that is seen in daily lives include the alternating current (AC) or the motion of a moving pendulum.
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5.00m
11:47 b C
← Chapter 6 Assignm...
Assignment for Chapter 6
1. A 0.120-kg, 50.0-cm-long uniform bar has a small 0.055-kg mass
glued to its left end and a small 0.110-kg mass glued to the other
end. The two small masses can each be treated as point masses. You
want to balance this system horizontally on a fulcrum placed just
under its center of gravity. How far from the left end should the
fulcrum be placed?
4.00 m
300 N
2. The horizontal beam in Fig. 1 weighs 150 N, and its center of gravity
is at its center. Find (a) the tension in the cable and (b) the horizontal
and vertical components of the force exerted on the beam at the wall.
3. A circular steel wire 2.00 m long must stretch no more than 0.25 cm
when a tensile force of 400 N is applied to each end of the wire. What
minimum diameter is required for the wire?
Figure 1
4. A nylon rope used by mountaineers elongates 1.10 m under the weight of a 65.0-kg
climber. If the rope is 45.0 m in length and 7.0 mm in diameter, what is Young's modulus
for nylon?
5. In a materials testing laboratory, a metal wire made from a new alloy is found to break
when a tensile force of 90.8 N is applied perpendicular to each end. If the diameter of the
wire is 1.84 mm, what is the breaking stress of the alloy?
5.
A machine part is undergoing SHM with a frequency of 5.00 Hz and amplitude 1.80 cm.
How long does it take the part to go from x = 0 to x = -1.80 cm.
7.
In a physics lab, you attach a 0.200-kg air-track glider to the end of an ideal spring of
negligible mass and start it oscillating. The elapsed time from when the glider first moves
through the equilibrium point to the second time it moves through that point is 2.60 s.
Find the spring's force constant.
8. A harmonic oscillator has angular frequency w and amplitude A. (a)
What are the magnitudes of the displacement and velocity when the
elastic potential energy is equal to the kinetic energy? (Assume that
U = 0 at equilibrium.) (b) At an instant when the displacement is
equal to A/2, what fraction of the total energy of the system is
kinetic and what fraction is potential?
9. A thin metal disk with mass 2.00 x 10-3 kg and radius 2.20 cm is
attached at its center to a long fiber (Fig. 2). The disk, when twisted
and released, oscillates with a period of 1.00 s. Find the torsion
constant of the fiber.
Figure 2
10. A 2.50-kg rock is attached at the end of a thin, very light rope 1.45 m long. You start it
swinging by releasing it when the rope makes an 11° angle with the vertical. You record
the observation that it rises only to an angle of 4.5° with the vertical after swings. (a) How
much energy has this system lost during that time? (b) What happened to the "lost"
energy? Explain how it could have been "lost."
Answers:
1. 0.298 m
2. (a) 625 N b) H= 500 N, H₂ = 75 N
3. 1.4 mm
4. 6.77 x 108 Pa
5. 3.41 x 107 Pa
6. t = 0.0500 s
7. k = 0.292²
m
8. (a) x = A/√2, vx = WA/√Z (b) == ³/1,
9. x 1.91 x 10-5 N.m/rad
10. (a) 0.543 (b) The mechanical energy has been converted to other forms by air
resistance and by dissipative forces within the rope. After a while the rock will come to
rest and then all its initial mechanical energy will have been "lost" because it will have
been converted to other forms of energy by nonconservative forces.
112
3.00m
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