a) The energy density and the pressure for a scalar field with potential V are given by c² P = √1²+V P = (1²-V) = 2² (3½ 60² - v). Derive the Klein-Gordon equation at background level for a scalar field using the energy conservation equation given in the appendix. b) The Klein-Gordon equation at background level for a scalar field is given by +3H+V' = 0, where H is the Hubble parameter, V the potential of the scalar field, and V' = dV/dx. Assume a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe, dominated by the scalar field. i) State the conditions for slow-roll inflation. Write down the Friedmann equation and the Klein-Gordon equation valid for slow-roll inflation. ii) For a scalar field potential V = X64, where X is a constant, calculate the time evolution of the field in the case of slow-roll inflation. iii) Inflation ends when the following condition is satisfied, 1 = V 2 where mpl is a constant (the Planck mass). Calculate the value of the field at the end of inflation for a scalar field potential V = X64.

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a)
The energy density and the pressure for a scalar field with potential V are given by
c²
P = √1²+V P = (1²-V)
= 2² (3½ 60² - v).
Derive the Klein-Gordon equation at background level for a scalar field using the energy
conservation equation given in the appendix.
b) The Klein-Gordon equation at background level for a scalar field is given by
+3H+V' = 0,
where H is the Hubble parameter, V the potential of the scalar field, and V' =
dV/dx.
Assume a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe, dominated by the scalar field.
i) State the conditions for slow-roll inflation. Write down the Friedmann equation and the
Klein-Gordon equation valid for slow-roll inflation.
ii) For a scalar field potential V = X64, where X is a constant, calculate the time evolution
of the field in the case of slow-roll inflation.
iii) Inflation ends when the following condition is satisfied,
1 =
V
2
where mpl is a constant (the Planck mass). Calculate the value of the field at the
end of inflation for a scalar field potential V = X64.
Transcribed Image Text:a) The energy density and the pressure for a scalar field with potential V are given by c² P = √1²+V P = (1²-V) = 2² (3½ 60² - v). Derive the Klein-Gordon equation at background level for a scalar field using the energy conservation equation given in the appendix. b) The Klein-Gordon equation at background level for a scalar field is given by +3H+V' = 0, where H is the Hubble parameter, V the potential of the scalar field, and V' = dV/dx. Assume a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe, dominated by the scalar field. i) State the conditions for slow-roll inflation. Write down the Friedmann equation and the Klein-Gordon equation valid for slow-roll inflation. ii) For a scalar field potential V = X64, where X is a constant, calculate the time evolution of the field in the case of slow-roll inflation. iii) Inflation ends when the following condition is satisfied, 1 = V 2 where mpl is a constant (the Planck mass). Calculate the value of the field at the end of inflation for a scalar field potential V = X64.
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