a) The carrier concentrations increase with temperature for intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors b) The magnitude of hole mobility is always greater compared to the electron mobilities. c) When a high-purity Germanium is doped with 10" m* Antimony atoms, antimony will act as an cceptor in Germanium. d) The Hall-effect measurement is carried out in order to determine majority charge carrier type, oncentration, and mobility of a semiconducting material. e) All of the above is incorrect.

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Quantization and Resolution

Quantization is a methodology of carrying out signal modulation by the process of mapping input values from an infinitely long set of continuous values to a smaller set of finite values. Quantization forms the basic algorithm for lossy compression algorithms and represents a given analog signal into digital signals. In other words, these algorithms form the base of an analog-to-digital converter. Devices that process the algorithm of quantization are known as a quantizer. These devices aid in rounding off (approximation) the errors of an input function called the quantized value.

Probability of Error

This topic is widely taught in many undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses of: