A surveying instructor sent all the 40 students in his class out to measure a distance between two points marked ona runway. The students working in groups of four came up with 10 different measurements as follows: 922.11, 921.24, 921.86, 920.99, 922.59, 922.15, 922.33, 922.11, 920.22, and 920.01meters. Assuming these values are equally reliable and that variations result only from accidental errors, determine the relative precision of a single measurement and the relative precision of the mean

Q: Homework (2): The following table was supplied in a level field book in which some of the readings…

A: Calculations: The height of instrument at point 1: x1=RL at point 1+BS at point 1…

Q: Q1). The following consecutive readings were taken along a straight line from station (11+090) to…

A: Benchmark (BM): Benchmark is any station or apoint which has known Reduced level (RL). Reduced level…

Q: What are the disadvantages or limitations to the use of dilatometer equipment?

A: The flat plate Dilatometer test (DMT) is an in-situ test device with specific advantages that can be…

Q: 10.5 An angle was measured at four different times with the following results: Day 1 2 3 4 is Angle…

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Q: Determine the weighted mean for the following angles: 222° 12'48", wt 3; 222°12'42", wt 1; 222°…

A: The weight of any measured quantity represents the accuracy of the measurement.The weighted mean (W)…

Q: 7. A horizontal collimation test is performed on an automatic level. With the instrument setup at…

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Q: Q1) A and B are located on a straight-line on the ground. The distance between them was measured…

A: Adjusted distance = corrected lenghtobserved lengthxlength measured Adjusted distance (X1) =…

Q: By using a 50 m Tape, the length of a survey line PQ measured at a building Site in Dahriz area is…

A: initial length of tape = 50m later it was found that tape was 6cm short so  error = 6cm error = 0.06…

Q: Two surveying tapes were used in measuring the frontage of an open field. the resulting measurements…

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Q: A horizontal angle is measured by four different surveyors multiple times and the values reported…

A: Given that :- Surveyor Angleθ Number of observations 1 36°30' 4 2 36°00' 3 3 35°30' 8 4…

Q: Q: Using a digital laser level instrument, the following staff readings were observed via an open…

A: Here we have given a open loop and we will use rise and fall method to calculate the RL's of each…

Q: situation 2] Two surveying tapes were used in measuring the frontage of an open field. The resulting…

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Q: 1. The surveying team at UTM can make taping measurements with an error of ±0.03 ft per 100-ft tape…

A: Note:- Hi! Thank you for the question As per the honor code, We’ll answer the first question since…

Q: Problem 1 To determine the distance between two points A and B, a tacheometer was set up at P and…

A: Given Data:Staff at Astaff readings= 2.225, 2.605, 2.985Staff at Bstaff readings = 1.640, 1.920,…

Q: From the survey, check the arithmetic by summing the B.S. and the F.S. Hint: Select only F.S.…

A: Total summation of B.S. ;∑BS=4.38+2.15+7.15=13.68 Total summation of F.S.;∑FS=4.11+1.29+8.30=13.7…

Q: 5. A survey or paced a given distanct AB in five trials of walking of 100 m Course On lev el gro…

A: Given data, Length of known path = 100 m Number of paces on known path = 54, 55.5, 56.5, 55 and 54.5…

Q: Hermie instructed Tine to do 3 trials of taping to determine a certain distance AB. The following…

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Q: The surveyor wants to know the distance from his house to the nearby flea market, so he paced the…

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Q: Convert 165 degrees to rad in terms of r. O a) 2.87979 b) 117/12 O c) T/12 O d) 1036.73

A: We have to convert 165 degrees to rad.

Q: Express your answers in degrees-minutes-seconds and use dash line "-" as a For example, N90-00E for…

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Q: Draw the diagram a.) Compute the angle CEX. b.) Compute the distance AX. c.) Compute the distance…

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Q: A surveyor aims to determine the horizontal distances between 4 points P, Q, Y and Z along the…

A: horizontal distance of a sloped line = l cosθ where θ is the slope from horizontal line.

Q: Calculate the probable error (mean) 545.789 545.180 544.988 545.543

A: Given: 545.789 545.180 544.988 545.543 Required: Probable error mean

Q: 12. PROBABLE ERROR. A surveying instructor sent all the 10 students in his class out to measure a…

A: Answer Let us first calculate the Mean and Standard deviation of measurements Mean x =…

Q: A distance AB is observed repeatedly using the same equipment and procedures, and the results, in…

A: The most probable length is given by the mean of measurements. Therefore the most probable length x…

Q: a. Most probable value b. Standard deviation c. Standard error of the mean d. Probable error of the…

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Q: calibration curve  sometimes do not pass through the origin and mat have relatively large intercept…

A: Answer:- Calibration curve:- It is a regression model used to predict the unknown concentration of…

Q: vorking in groups of four came up with 10 different measurements as follows: 920.45, 921.05, 921.65,…

A: Formula used- Em=Es/nand Es=±0.6745∑V2/(n-1)where Es= probable error in single…

Q: In the two-peg test method of a dumpy level, the following observations were taken. Determine the…

A: First we will find difference in elevation.

Q: A distance measured 32 times using the same equipment and procedures, yielding a mean value of…

A: A distance is measured 32 times using the same equipment and procedures.  Mean Value = 120.12…

Q: Q5: Using the ordinate of a 9-hr unit hydrograph given below, compute the ordinate of a 3-hr unit…

A: To estimate the 3hr unit hydrograph from 9hr unit hydrograph, first step is prepared s curve for 9…

Q: An engineer set-up a transit inside a triangular lot and observes the bearings and distances of the…

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Q: Problem 1. To determine the distance between two points A and B, a tacheometer was set up at P and…

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Q: 10. RECIPROCAL LEVELING. Reciprocal leveling between points A and B, 1ocated on opposite banks of a…

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Q: A student surveys line AB in a level ground field by taping. While taping, he used pebbles as…

A: Given that :- Length of tape = 25 m   Pebbles(No.) Partial Distance Trial 1 25 6.345 m Trial…

Q: Ada, using a steel tape, measured a certain line that is divided into four segments. Each segment…

A: The four parts of line lengths are 97.702 ± 0.05 m, 57.972±0.06m, 75.98±0.042m, 57.015±0.042m

Q: 1) 2 points B & C were observed from point A where the instrument was set up at a height of 1.25m.…

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Q: Problem 2: Line of levels to establish the elevation of a point are run over four different routes.…

A: Data given Find: (a) Most Probable value (b) Standard deviation (c) Standard error of mean (d)…

Q: Determine: (a) The probable error of the mean in Taping Operation 1. (b) The probable error of the…

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Q: The measured values of distance AB were recorded. Trials Distance 1 200.572 200.676 3 200.522 4…

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Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.