A survey was conducted with a 20 m chain and plan of the field was drawn to a scale of 1 cm = 5 m. The area of the plan was found to be 62.8 cm2. However when the chain was tested at the end of work, it was wound to be 20.10 m. Assuming the length was exactly 20.0 m in the beginning of survey work, determine the true area of the field. Solution: Initial length of the chain = 20 m

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Q: hat does C sub c refer to?

A: CC = Coefficient of compression  Which is the ratio of change of void ration before and after…

Q: r is incorrect again, it should be positive 134.6 kN/

A: Given:- ∅=200qu=140kN/m2 To find:- pore water pressure

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A:

Q: a) Active Rankine Ka status b) Passive state of Rankine, Kp

A:

Q: 1. Determine the value ΔΕ. at each point according to the notes that are under the foundation site…

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Q: 4. A falling head test was performed on the setup shown below. The water reservoir connected to the…

A: Given, h1=80 cmafter T= 25 minsh2=50 cm

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A:

Q: As per Rankine's formula the passive earth pressure at a depth 8 m in dry cohensionless and with…

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Q: (d) What is the maximum horizontal shear stress that the soil at Point A can take before failure?…

A: Given,  γd = 16 kN/m3   γsat = 20 kN/m3   γw = 10 kN/m3  ϕ = 32o

Control Survey and Geodetic reductions

Control surveys or survey controls are used to establish reference points as a basis for various construction activities. Vertical and horizontal control points are to be established in a control survey to increase accuracy. After establishing the control points, all other types of surveys such as topographic, right-of-way, aerial mapping, construction layout, boundary surveys, and utility mapping can be worked upon so that control networks can be formed. The place from which the observations are made is called a survey station.