A supplier of ballpoint pens guarantees a low defective rate.  Sara receives a shipment of 400 pens (and unknown to Sara, but known to you, exactly 12 are defective).  Sara decides to randomly check 100 pens.  Let X be the number of defectives Sara finds among the 100 randomly selected pens.   What is the standard deviation of X? Round to 2 decimal places. Hint: you need the

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.