A study¹ of 138 penalty shots in World Cup Finals games between 1982 and 1994 found that the goalkeeper correctly guessed the direction of the kick only 41% of the time. The article notes that this is "slightly worse than random chance." We use these data as a sample of all World Cup penalty shots ever. Test at a 5 % significance level to see whether there is evidence that the percent guessed correctly is less than 50 %. The sample size is large enough to use the normal distribution. The standard error from a randomization distribution under the null hypothesis is SE= 0.043. 1St.John, A., "Physics of a World Cup Penalty-Kick Shootout - 2010 World Cup Penalty Kicks," Popular Mechanics, June 14, 2010. State the null and alternative hypotheses. Ho: What is the test statistic? Z= =f Round your answer to two decimal places. vs Ha: p-value = What is the p-value? Round your answer to three decimal places. I2 p :: p P₁ P₁ :: P₂ r P2 :: 0.5 p #₁

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