A study is undertaken to determine if prenatal exposure to marijuana is associated withlow birth weight in infants. Mothers of 50 infants weighing less than 5 pounds (low birthweight) and 50 infants weighing more than 7 pounds (normal birth weight) arequestioned about their use of marijuana during pregnancy. The study finds that 20mothers of low-birth-weight infants and 2 mothers of normal birth weight infants used thedrug during pregnancy. In this study, the odds ratio associated with smoking marijuanaduring pregnancy is:

The objective of this question is to calculate the odds ratio, which is a measure of association…

Answered: A study is undertaken to determine if…

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Postpartum depression and anxiety (PPD), is a common medical condition affecting mothers and their families after the birth of a baby. The CDC estimated that 18 % of women who have recently given birth suffer from PPD. However, this research only reflected self-reported cases. Therefore, one group dedicated to helping women and their families with PPD believes that the true percentage of women who suffer from PPD is much higher. The group conducts a simple random sample of 119 women who had given birth in the last year and discovers that 28 of them report having PPD. Based on this evidence, can the group claim that the true percentage of women who have PPD is greater than 18 % ? Use a 0.10 level of significance. Step 1 of 3: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test. Fill in the blank below. Ho :p = 0.18 Ha:P 0.18 Answer E Tables E Keypad Keyboard Shortcuts O > Prev Nex © 2021 Hawkes Learning JIS A
Calculate an odds ratio A group of teens ages 13-17 with anxiety were chosen as cases in a case-control study. A second group of teens ages 13-17 without anxiety were chosen as controls for the same study. The researchers were investigating if attention deficient and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a potential risk factor (exposure) for anxiety (outcome). The medical histories of cases and controls were examined to determine if participants had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Among cases (teens with anxiety), 77 had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10 and 34 had not been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Among controls (teens without anxiety), 18 had been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10 and 124 had not been diagnosed with ADHD between ages 8 and 10. Calculate the odds ratio to measure the association between being ADHD and anxiety in teens. Express your answer to the nearest tenth or 1 place past the decimal (example: 15.4).
Teenagers who do not sleep well or long enough may have a higher risk of raised blood pressure, which could lead to cardiovascular disease later in life. The odds of raised blood pressure increase 3.5 times for those who have trouble falling asleep at night or who wake up too early and 2.5 times for those with sleeping periods of fewer than 6.5 hours. A health psychologist is interested in studying teenagers who have diastolic blood pressure scores in the top 20%. Diastolic blood pressure scores for teenagers follow a normal distribution with μ = 72 and σ = 10. Use the Distributions tool to help answer the questions that follow. The minimum z-score necessary to be in the top 20% of the diastolic blood pressure distribution is z =0.842 . Use this z-score to determine X, the corresponding diastolic blood pressure score. X = 80.42 This score, X, is the 80th percentile of diastolic blood pressure scores among teenagers. The percentile rank of this score is 80%…
Postpartum depression and anxiety (PPD), is a common medical condition affecting mothers and their families after the birth of a baby. The CDC estimated that 18% of women who have recently given birth suffer from PPD. However, this research only reflected self-reported cases. Therefore, one group dedicated to helping women and their families with PPD believes that the true percentage of women who suffer from PPD is much higher. The group conducts a simple random sample of 112 women who had given birth in the last year and discovers that 26 of them report having PPD. Based on this evidence, can the group claim that the true percentage of women who have PPD is greater than 18%? Use a 0.05 level of significance. Step 3 of 3 : Draw a conclusion and interpret the decision. 1. We reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is sufficient evidence at a 0.05 level of significance that the true percentage of women who have PPD is greater than 18%. 2. We fail to reject the…
Acne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.
A manufacturer of laptop computers claims that only 1% of their computers are defective. In a sample of 600 computers, it was found that 3% were defective. If the proportion of defectives were really only 1%, there would be than 1 chance in 1000 of getting such a large proportion of defective laptops in the sample. Is there statistically significant evidence against the manufacturer's claim? Why or Why not?
A study of breast cancer in postmenopausal women included 500 cases of invasive breast cancer and 500 subjects without breast cancer matched to the cases by age and location of residence. The following data were collected for these subjects about their use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Based on these data, answer the following questions. STATUS CASES CONTROLS Estrogen Replacement Therapy 250 100 No ERT 250 400 4. What is the odds of using ERT among the controls? O 400/650 O 100/300 100/500 100/400
Suppose an investigator has studied the possible association between the use of a weight-loss drug and a rare central nervous system (CNS) disorder. He samples from a group of volunteers with and without the disorder, and records whether they have used the weight-loss drug. The data are summarized in the attached table: What is the estimated the odds ratio for the presence of a CNS disorder, comparing people who have used the weight-loss drug to those who have not? What test would you use to evaluate the null hypothesis of no association between weight-loss drug use and presence of a CNS disorder?
From the same cohort, all cases and 10 controls per case were chosen for analysis. The following results were observed. Serum Level of Vitamin D Incident Cases of MS Healthy Individuals Above 40 ng per ml 40 20-40 ng per ml 4 40 Below 20 ng per ml 4 20 What is the odds ratio for individuals with serum levels of vitamin D of 20-40 ng per ml? O 4.0 О 30 O 1.0 O 2.0 2.
Dr. Sloane is doing a study to test the association between alcohol consumption and the occurrence of cancer of the liver. He chooses a hospital-based sample and collects all newly diagnosed cases of histologically confirmed liver cancer diagnosed at that hospital. For his control group, he reviews the charts of all patients coming through all the clinics at this hospital who are not diagnosed with liver cancer. He makes sure that the cases and controls are similar by age and sex. A. Looking at the odds ratios and the p-values together, describe your observations. B. Looking at the p-values, what do they tell you about the strength of the association between drinking different amounts of alcohol per day and the risk of having liver cancer?
A dowser has correctly located water for a well 1 out of 2 times in Jones County. In Jones County, someone who is just guessing has a 40% chance of locating water for a well. Does this sample provide sufficient evidence that the dowser can locate water and is not just guessing?
The use of a HPV vaccination is effective at decreasing risk of cervical cancer overall. Investigators wished to study whether there is a difference in cervical cancer risk among three different risk categories: monogamous relationships only, casual sexual relationships, and anonymous sexual relationships. The investigators then kept track of how many women developed cervical cancer in the study. The expected % of cervical cancer in each of the three risk factor groups is provided. You are interested in investigating if there is a difference between the expected and the observed percentage of women that developed cervical cancer in the three risk categories. What kind of sample and outcome is this?

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