A student spills a dye made predominantly of hydrogen and carbon that has several benzene rings in its structure. The dye is spilled onto the student's T-shirt. The student runs to the water tap and washes the spot with water. What result would you expect to see, and why? The dye washed off, because water is a polar substance that can bind to the polar dye. The dye washed off, because the polar water binds to the non-polar dye more strongly than the dye binds to the T-shirt. The dye did not wash off, because the polar-dye has bound strongly to the T- shirt and cannot be washed off with water. The dye did not wash off, because water is a polar substance that cannot wash the non-polar dye.
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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