A steel tape is 100 m long at a temperature of 20°C and a pull of 10 kg. It was used to measure a distance of 624.95 m at a temperature of 32°C with an applied pull of 15 kg during measurement with the tape supported at both ends. The coefficient of thermal expansion is 0.0000116 m/ °C and a modulus of elasticity of 2x10° kg/cm. The weight of tape is 0.04 kg/m and a cross-sectional area of 0.06 cm. Compute for (a) sag correction (b) total corrections for tension, sag and temperature (c) corrected length of the line.

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.