A statistical analysis is internally valid if: OA. all t-statistics are greater than |1.96|. O B. the population is small, say less than 2,000, and can be observed. O C. the regression R² > 0.05. OD. the statistical inferences about causal effects are valid for the population studied.

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**Title: Understanding Internal Validity in Statistical Analysis**

A statistical analysis is considered internally valid if:

- **A.** all *t*-statistics are greater than |1.96|.
- **B.** the population is small, say less than 2,000, and can be observed.
- **C.** the regression \( R^2 \) > 0.05.
- **D.** the statistical inferences about causal effects are valid for the population studied.

### Explanation:

This multiple choice question aims to evaluate the criteria for internal validity in statistical analyses. Here’s what each option implies:

- **Option A:** Suggests that for internal validity, all test statistics need to exceed a specific critical value, implying strong evidence against the null hypothesis.
  
- **Option B:** Assumes that a smaller, fully observable population may contribute to internal validity, focusing on the comprehensive analysis of the given group.
  
- **Option C:** Relates internal validity to the strength of the relationship in regression analysis, measured by \( R^2 \), though usually higher values are desired.
  
- **Option D:** Focuses on the accuracy of causal inferences made within the study’s context and applicability to the studied population.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Understanding Internal Validity in Statistical Analysis** A statistical analysis is considered internally valid if: - **A.** all *t*-statistics are greater than |1.96|. - **B.** the population is small, say less than 2,000, and can be observed. - **C.** the regression \( R^2 \) > 0.05. - **D.** the statistical inferences about causal effects are valid for the population studied. ### Explanation: This multiple choice question aims to evaluate the criteria for internal validity in statistical analyses. Here’s what each option implies: - **Option A:** Suggests that for internal validity, all test statistics need to exceed a specific critical value, implying strong evidence against the null hypothesis. - **Option B:** Assumes that a smaller, fully observable population may contribute to internal validity, focusing on the comprehensive analysis of the given group. - **Option C:** Relates internal validity to the strength of the relationship in regression analysis, measured by \( R^2 \), though usually higher values are desired. - **Option D:** Focuses on the accuracy of causal inferences made within the study’s context and applicability to the studied population.
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