A square matrix A is nilpotent if A" = 0 for some positive integer n. Let V be the vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices with real entries. Let H be the set of all 2 × 2 nilpotent matrices with real entries. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? 1. Is H nonempty? H is nonempty ♥ O 2. Is H closed under addition? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter two matrices in H whose sum is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as [[1,2],[3,4]], [[5,6],[7,8]] for the answer 6] (Hint: to show that H is not closed under addition, it is sufficient to find two nilpotent matrices A and B such that (A + B)" + 0 for all positive integers n.) 3. Is H closed under scalar multiplication? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter a scalar in R and a matrix in H whose product is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as 2, [[3,4], [5,6]] for the answer 2, (Hint: to show that H is not closed under scalar multiplication, it is sufficient to find a real number r and a nilpotent matrix A such that (rA)" + 0 for all positive integers n.)

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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Chapter 4.1 Question 2

A square matrix A is nilpotent if A"
= 0 for some positive integer n.
Let V be the vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices with real entries. Let H be the set of all 2 x 2 nilpotent matrices with real entries. Is H a
subspace of the vector space V?
1. Is H nonempty?
H is nonempty
2. Is H closed under addition? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter two matrices in H whose sum is not in H, using a comma
[1 2] [5
6
separated list and syntax such as [[1,2],[3,4]], [[5,6],[7,8]] for the answer
l: (Hint: to show that H is not closed
7
under addition, it is sufficient to find two nilpotent matrices A and B such that (A + B)" + 0 for all positive integers n.)
3. Is H closed under scalar multiplication? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter a scalar in R and a matrix in H whose product is not
[3
in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as 2, [[3,4] , [5,6]] for the answer 2,
4
(Hint: to show that H is not
closed under scalar multiplication, it is sufficient to find a real number r and a nilpotent matrix A such that (rA)" + 0 for all positive
integers n.)
Transcribed Image Text:A square matrix A is nilpotent if A" = 0 for some positive integer n. Let V be the vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices with real entries. Let H be the set of all 2 x 2 nilpotent matrices with real entries. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? 1. Is H nonempty? H is nonempty 2. Is H closed under addition? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter two matrices in H whose sum is not in H, using a comma [1 2] [5 6 separated list and syntax such as [[1,2],[3,4]], [[5,6],[7,8]] for the answer l: (Hint: to show that H is not closed 7 under addition, it is sufficient to find two nilpotent matrices A and B such that (A + B)" + 0 for all positive integers n.) 3. Is H closed under scalar multiplication? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter a scalar in R and a matrix in H whose product is not [3 in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as 2, [[3,4] , [5,6]] for the answer 2, 4 (Hint: to show that H is not closed under scalar multiplication, it is sufficient to find a real number r and a nilpotent matrix A such that (rA)" + 0 for all positive integers n.)
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