A square matrix A is idempotent if A² A. Let V be the vector space of all 2 × 2 matrices with real entries. Let H be the set of all 2 × 2 idempotent matrices with real entries. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? 1. Is H nonempty? choose 2. Is H closed under addition? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter two matrices in H whose sum is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as [[1,2], [3,4]], [[5,6],[7,8]] for the answer [369] (A + B)² (A + B).) (Hint: to show that H is not closed under addition, it is sufficient to find two idempotent matrices A and B such that 3. Is H closed under scalar multiplication? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter a scalar in IR and a matrix in H whose product is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as 3 2, [[3,4], [5,6]] for the answer 2, (Hint: to show that H is not closed under scalar multiplication, it is sufficient to find a real number and an idempotent matrix A such that 5 (rA)² + (rA).) 4. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? You should be able to justify your answer by writing a complete, coherent, and detailed proof based on your answers to parts 1-3. choose

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