A sprue is 250 mm long. The velocity of the molten metal at the top of the sprue is 0.15 m/s. The middle diameter of the sprue is 10 mm. The total cavity of the "runner system + mold" is 2.5 × 106 mm³. The viscosity of the molten metal is 0.0022 kg/(m · s) and the density is 2700 kg/m³. According to given information i. For a proper sprue design, calculate the bottom diameter of the sprue ii. Find the velocity at the bottom of the sprue iii. Find the volumetric and mass flow rates at the bottom of the sprue iv. Find the required time to fill the mold completely Is the flow laminar, mixed or turbulent at the bottom of the sprue? P v? h + -+ pg V. = constant 2g Q = A¡V1 = A½V½ h2 h1 A1 pVD Re TST Ст %3D A2

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Engineering Drawing

Technical drawing has been around since ancient times. As in the ancient Renaissance, complicated drawings were created, including Leonardo da Vinci's drawing. Modern engineering drawing, including its specific orthographic projection with scale conventions, began in Europe (France) during the early stages of Industrialization. L.T. C. Rolt also made some of Marc's drawings for its block-making machinery (in 1799) that also may have contributed significantly to British engineering technology. Since he learned the art of presenting three-dimensional(3D) items in a two-dimensional(2D) plane, as we now term mechanical drawing.