A spread footing with a dimension of 2.0 m x 2.0 m is embedded in uniform clay at a depth of 1.0 m to support a vertical downward load of 300 kN. The pre-consolidation stress of the soil is 50 kPa and their compression indices are Cr/(1+e0) and Cc/(1+e0) of 0.025 and 0.11, respectively. The soil has unit weights of 16.8 and 17.8 kN/m3 above and below the groundwater table, respectively. The soil stratum extends to a great depth and the ground water table is at a depth of 1.5 m below the ground surface. Estimate the consolidation settlement of this footing. Use 2:1 method to estimate induced stress due to the applied load. The depth for settlement calculation is assumed to be 5 m below the foundation and use layer thickness of 1 m.

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Calculation of Settlement

The vertical displacement of the structural foundation due to the loading from the superstructure is known as settlement. It is due to the reduction of air voids present in the soil. The amount of vertical displacement depends on the bearing capacity of the soil on which the foundation is laid. The effect of the settlement depends on the magnitude of settlement, uniformity, and the structural design of the structure. The maximum allowable settlement for residential and office buildings should be less than 18 mm, for industrial buildings, it is 38 mm and for commercial buildings, it is 25 mm.