A spark ignition four-stroke cycle engine operates on an air-standard Miller cycle with no supercharger, and early intake valve closing (cycle 6-7-1-7-2-3-4-5-6 in Fig 3-15). Compression ratio is 8.2 and expansion ratio is 10.2. Cylinder conditions when the intake valve closes are T7 = 57°C and P7 = 100 kPa. Maximum temperature and pressure in the cycle are Imax = 3427°C and Pmax = 9197 kPa. Calculate: (a) Minimum cylinder pressure during cycle. [kPa] (b) Pump work for one cylinder for one cycle. [ki] (c) Pressure in cylinder when exhaust valve opens. [kPa] 3 TDC BDC Specific Volume, v Pressure, P

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IC engines

The term "engine" indicates a mechanical device/machine used to convert input energy to a specific mechanical output. The input energy may be in the form of chemical energy, thermal energy, or so on and mechanical output is in the form of mechanical energy (work done). Generally, the engines classify into two groups which are internal combustion type and external combustion type, and further, these two types can be classified into two types that are reciprocating and rotary engines.