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A sophomore with nothing better to do adds heat to 0.350 kg of ice at 0°C until it is all melted. (a) What is the change in entropy of the water? (b) The source of heat is a very massive body at a temperature of 25.0°C. What is the change in entropy of this body? (c) What is the total change in entropy of the water and the heat source?

A sophomore with nothing better to do adds heat to 0.350 kg of ice at 0°C until it is all melted. (a) What is the change in entropy of the water? (b) The source of heat is a very massive body at a temperature of 25.0°C. What is the change in entropy of this body? (c) What is the total change in entropy of the water and the heat source?

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1. An aireraft engine takes in 9000 J of heat and discards 6400 J each eycle. (a) What is the mechanical work output of the engine during one cycle? (b) What is the thermal efficiency of the engine? 2. The Otto-cycle engine in a Mercedes-Benz SLK230 has a compression ratio of 8.8. (a) What is the ideal efficiency of the engine? Use y= 1.40. (b) The engine in a Dodge Viper GT2 has a slightly higher compression ratio of 9.6, How much increase in the ideal efficiency results from this increase in the compression ratio?, 3. A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 2.10. In cach cycle it absorbs 3.40 × 10' J of heat from the cold reservoir. (a) How much mechanical energy is required each cycle to operate the refrigerator? (b) During each cycle, how much heat is discarded to the high-temperature reservoir? 4. A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 59% and performs 2.5 × 104J of work in each cycle. (a) How much heat does the engine extract from its heat source in each cycle? (b) Suppose the engine exhausts heat at a room temperature (20.0°C). What is the temperature of its heat source? 5. A sophomore with nothing better to do adds heat to 0.350 kg of ice at 0°C until it is all melted. (a) What is the change in entropy of the water? (b) The source of heat is a very massive body at a temperature of 25.0°C. What is the change in entropy of this body? (c) What is the total change in entropy of the water and the heat source? 6. A lonely party balloon with a volume of 2.40 L and containing 0.100 mol of air is left behind to drift in the temporarily uninhabited and depressurized International Space station. Sunlight coming through a porthole heats and explodes the balloon, causing the air in it to undergo a free expansion into the empty station, whose total volume is 425 m². Calculate the entropy change of the air during the expansion."
Transcribed Image Text:1. An aireraft engine takes in 9000 J of heat and discards 6400 J each eycle. (a) What is the mechanical work output of the engine during one cycle? (b) What is the thermal efficiency of the engine? 2. The Otto-cycle engine in a Mercedes-Benz SLK230 has a compression ratio of 8.8. (a) What is the ideal efficiency of the engine? Use y= 1.40. (b) The engine in a Dodge Viper GT2 has a slightly higher compression ratio of 9.6, How much increase in the ideal efficiency results from this increase in the compression ratio?, 3. A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 2.10. In cach cycle it absorbs 3.40 × 10' J of heat from the cold reservoir. (a) How much mechanical energy is required each cycle to operate the refrigerator? (b) During each cycle, how much heat is discarded to the high-temperature reservoir? 4. A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 59% and performs 2.5 × 104J of work in each cycle. (a) How much heat does the engine extract from its heat source in each cycle? (b) Suppose the engine exhausts heat at a room temperature (20.0°C). What is the temperature of its heat source? 5. A sophomore with nothing better to do adds heat to 0.350 kg of ice at 0°C until it is all melted. (a) What is the change in entropy of the water? (b) The source of heat is a very massive body at a temperature of 25.0°C. What is the change in entropy of this body? (c) What is the total change in entropy of the water and the heat source? 6. A lonely party balloon with a volume of 2.40 L and containing 0.100 mol of air is left behind to drift in the temporarily uninhabited and depressurized International Space station. Sunlight coming through a porthole heats and explodes the balloon, causing the air in it to undergo a free expansion into the empty station, whose total volume is 425 m². Calculate the entropy change of the air during the expansion."
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