A small population of birds lived on an island. They were all the same species and ate a large variety of foods. This population had a lot of variation in beak size and shape. Over time, the population of finches grew pretty large. Some individuals in the population had slightly longer and thinner beaks. These individuals could forage for insects in the holes in trees in ways that the others in the population couldn't. They left more offspring that had that trait and over time, created a new species that foraged exclusively on insects in trees. This process is called: speciation. endemicism. All of the answers are correct. acclimatization.
A geographically continuous population has a gene pool that is relatively homogeneous. Gene flow, the movement of alleles across the range of the species, is relatively free because individuals can move and then mate with individuals in their new location. Thus, the frequency of an allele at one end of a distribution will be similar to the frequency of the allele at the other end. When populations become geographically discontinuous that free-flow of alleles is prevented. When that separation lasts for a period of time, the two populations are able to evolve along different trajectories.
Thus, their allele frequencies at numerous genetic loci gradually become more and more different as new alleles independently arise by mutation in each population. This leads to formation of new species as seen in the example mentioned of finches with different phenotypes arising on the isolated island and the process is termed as Speciation.
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